The 10-ton slab of granite used in Seattle's memorial was shipped to Seattle via the Panama Canal from Georgia's Stone Mountain by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1926. The President of the UDC Robert E. Lee Chapter #885 and Washington Division at the time, Mrs. May Avery Wilkins, who was originally from Georgia, is credited with establishing the monument. Her father, Col. Avery appears to have been a Commander in Chief of a Georgia county Ku Klux Klan in the late 19th century.[3]
Vandalism and removal
The monument has been vandalized repeatedly. In 2005, "the flag insignia, bayonets, and a plaque with Robert E. Lee on it were stolen, but then restored".[4] Following the Charleston church shooting of 2015, "Fuck White Supremacy" was painted on it. On July 5, 2018, "several parts of the 10-ton piece of granite [were] smashed, including a portion of the monument's inscription, insignia, and relief of Robert E. Lee."[5]
In 2015, a petition was started to have it removed.[6] In 2017, in response to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville and the increased pace of the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials in other parts of the country, Seattle Mayor Ed Murray said, "Seattle needs to join with cities and towns across the country who are sending a strong message by taking these archaic symbols down," acknowledging that Lake View is private property outside the city's control.[7] Murray also called for the removal of the Statue of Lenin in Fremont, also on private property, prompting the Seattle City Council to consider debating a symbolic resolution asking for the removal of the two monuments.[8]
The memorial shown toppled on July 4, 2020
On March 19, 2018 Heidi Christensen, former and last acting President of the Seattle Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the Veterans for Peace Seattle Chapter, and the NW Museum of Legends and Lore, spoke to Seattle City Council to request removal of the monument in Lakeview Cemetery.[9] Christensen stated during her comments, "It is high time we retire these relics to private property. While I realize the Lakeview Cemetery is private property, it becomes a symbol for misguided minds."
It is on the Make It Right Project's 2018 list of the 10 Confederate monuments it most wants removed, noting that "It is located near 14 Confederate graves but there are no bodies below it, which means it is not a grave marker, but a propagandistic piece of the Lost Cause effort."[10] In October 2018, the Project put up a billboard in Seattle, saying: "Hey Seattle, there's a Confederate Memorial in your backyard".[11]
The monument was toppled by "a group of local activists supportive of racial justice and the Black Lives Matter movement," apparently on July 3, 2020.[13] In the process, the lower ends of both formerly vertical columns were broken in multiple places.[14] The activists responsible wrote in a statement to the South Seattle Emerald that, "this action is for everyone, living or dead, who has been stolen, murdered, enslaved, raped, tortured, brutalized, terrorized, displaced, incarcerated, colonized, exploited, or separated from land, family, and culture by white supremacy. May the memory of those who have gone home be a blessing to us all, and may their descendants know the peace of true and everlasting justice."[13] The wreckage was discovered by visitors to the cemetery on July 4.
Lake View Cemetery quietly removed the rubble of the monument by early September, 2020. There are no plans to restore or replace the monument, according to a statement given by the cemetery to the Capitol Hill Seattle community blog.[15]
Lake View Cemetery is a private cemetery located in Seattle, Washington, in the Capitol Hill neighborhood, just north of Volunteer Park. Known as "Seattle's Pioneer Cemetery," it is run by an independent, non-profit association. It was founded in 1872 as the Seattle Masonic Cemetery and later renamed for its view of Lake Washington to the east.
Monument Avenue is a tree-lined grassy mall dividing the eastbound and westbound traffic in Richmond, Virginia, originally named for its emblematic complex of structures honoring those who fought for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Between 1900 and 1925, Monument Avenue greatly expanded with architecturally significant houses, churches, and apartment buildings. Four of the bronze statues representing J. E. B. Stuart, Stonewall Jackson, Jefferson Davis and Matthew Fontaine Maury were removed from their memorial pedestals amidst civil unrest in July 2020. The Robert E. Lee monument was handled differently as it was owned by the Commonwealth, in contrast with the other monuments which were owned by the city. Dedicated in 1890, it was removed on September 8, 2021. All these monuments, including their pedestals, have now been removed completely from the Avenue. The last remaining statue on Monument Avenue is the Arthur Ashe Monument, memorializing the African-American tennis champion, dedicated in 1996.
The Confederate Monument, University of North Carolina, commonly known as Silent Sam, is a bronze statue of a Confederate soldier by Canadian sculptor John A. Wilson, which once stood on McCorkle Place of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) from 1913 until it was pulled down by protestors on August 20, 2018. Its former location has been described as "the front door" of the university and "a position of honor".
The Confederate War Memorial was a 65 foot (20 m)-high monument that pays tribute to soldiers and sailors from Texas who served with the Confederate States of America (CSA) during the American Civil War. The monument was dedicated in 1897, following the laying of its cornerstone the previous year. Originally located in Sullivan Park near downtown Dallas, Texas, United States, the monument was relocated in 1961 to the nearby Pioneer Park Cemetery in the Convention Center District, next to the Dallas Convention Center and Pioneer Plaza.
The Statue of Lenin is a 16 ft (5 m) bronze statue of Russian communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin in the Fremont neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. It was created by Bulgarian-born Slovak sculptor Emil Venkov and initially put on display in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1988, the year before the Velvet Revolution. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a wave of de-Leninization brought about the fall of many monuments in the former Soviet sphere. In 1993, the statue was bought by an American who had found it lying in a scrapyard. He brought it home with him to Washington State but died before he could carry out his plans to formally display it.
Confederate monuments and memorials in the United States include public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. Many monuments and memorials have been or will be removed under great controversy. Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, buildings, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public structures. In a December 2018 special report, Smithsonian Magazine stated, "over the past ten years, taxpayers have directed at least $40 million to Confederate monuments—statues, homes, parks, museums, libraries, and cemeteries—and to Confederate heritage organizations."
Appomattox is a bronze statue commemorating soldiers from Alexandria, Virginia, who had died while fighting for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. The memorial was located in the center of the intersection of South Washington Street and Prince Street in the Old Town neighborhood of Alexandria.
More than 160 monuments and memorials to the Confederate States of America and associated figures have been removed from public spaces in the United States, all but five since 2015. Some have been removed by state and local governments; others have been torn down by protestors.
Jefferson Davis Park is a private park located outside Ridgefield, Washington, in the southwestern portion of the state. The granite markers of the unofficial Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway are at the center of the park surrounded by Confederate flags. Operated by the Pacific Northwest chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the park commemorates Jefferson Davis, the pro-slavery President of the Confederate States of America.
The Confederate Soldier Memorial, or Confederate Monument, is located in the Maple Hill Cemetery in Huntsville, Alabama.
The equestrian statue of John Brown Gordon is a monument on the grounds of the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The monument, an equestrian statue, honors John Brown Gordon, a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War who later become a politician in post-Reconstruction era Georgia. Designed by Solon Borglum, the statue was dedicated in 1907 to large fanfare. The statue has recently become a figure of controversy over Gordon's racist views and associations with the Confederacy, with some calling for its removal.
A statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt was installed in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.
The Monument to North Carolina Women of the Confederacy was installed in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States in 1914. It was located in the surrounds of the North Carolina State Capitol, until its removal on June 21, 2020, during the protests following the murder of George Floyd.
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