Vibriosis

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Vibriosis
Other namesVibrio infection, Bath-sore fever
Badbrygga vid Hammen.JPG
A swimming jetty in Sweden, where vibriosis is associated with swimming during warm years and good weather.
HK Chang Zhou Cheung Chau Xing Le Hai Xian Hing Lok Seafoods Restaurant food dish Fen Si Zheng Yuan Bei Steam scallop with Cellophane Jelly noodle Sept-2013.JPG
Undercooked shellfish can also be a source of Vibrio infection, often leading to the milder form of gastrointestinal vibriosis.
Specialty Infectious disease
Symptoms Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever, wound infections [1]
Complications Dehydration, sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis [1]
Usual onset12 to 72 hours after exposure [2] [3]
DurationSeveral days to weeks [4]
Causes Infection by Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus) [1]
Risk factors Consuming raw/undercooked seafood, exposure to contaminated seawater or brackish water [1] [5]
Diagnostic method Stool test, wound culture, blood culture [4]
Differential diagnosis Shewanella-infection (though with longer incubation time) [6]
PreventionCooking seafood thoroughly, avoiding exposure of wounds to brackish water or seawater [4] [7]
Treatment Oral rehydration therapy, intravenous fluids, antibiotics [4]
Medication Doxycycline, ceftazidime [4]
Prognosis Generally good with treatment; higher risk of severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals [1] [8]
FrequencyThousands of cases annually in the US [1]
DeathsVariable, higher in severe cases involving septicemia [1]

Vibriosis or vibrio infection is an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio . About a dozen species can cause vibriosis in humans, with the most common in multiple countries across the Northern Hemisphere being Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Vibrio vulnificus , and Vibrio alginolyticus . [1] [6] Vibrio cholerae , can also commonly cause vibriosis, though only those strains that do not produce cholera-specific toxins: non-O 1 or non-O 139. [9] Bacteria that produce these toxins are classified by the World Health Organization as causing cholera, which is a more severe disease. [1] Vibriosis is also an animal disease and can cause harm to wild and farmed fish, among others. [10]

Contents

Etymology

The genus Vibrio includes various species that can cause illness in humans, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. These bacteria thrive in warm, brackish water and are often found in shellfish such as oysters, clams, and mussels. [1]

Transmission

Vibriosis can be contracted through:

Clinical manifestations

The symptoms of vibriosis can vary depending on the species involved:

Epidemiology

Vibriosis incidence is influenced by environmental factors such as water temperature and salinity. Warmer temperatures, including in relation to global warming, have been linked to increased prevalence of vibriosis as Vibrio bacteria thrive in warmer conditions. [11] [12]

Bath-sore fever or bathing fever

In some regions, vibriosis is referred to as "bath-sore fever" or "bathing fever" due to its association with warm water activities, especially during unusually warm summers. The term highlights the seasonal nature of the infections, which typically occur during the warmer months when people are more likely to engage in water-related activities. [5]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vibriosis involves:

Treatment

Treatment of vibriosis depends on the severity and type of infection:

Prevention

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of vibriosis include:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Vibrio Species Causing Vibriosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  2. ↑ "Vibriosis (Non-Cholera) - Epidemiology". Virginia Department of Health. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 "Vibriosis: Symptoms and treatment". Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Vibrio Infections". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Vibrioinfektioner". Folkhälsomyndigheten (in Swedish). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  6. 1 2 "Vibrio- og Shewanellainfeksjoner – håndbok for helsepersonell". Norwegian Institute of Public Health (in Norwegian). 3 March 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Potential and Limitation of Biocontrol Methods against Vibriosis: A Review". Springer. doi:10.1007/s10499-019-00431-8 (inactive 12 July 2025). Retrieved 28 June 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  8. 1 2 "Vibrio Infections and the Twenty-First Century". Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51515-2_7 (inactive 12 July 2025). Retrieved 28 June 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  9. ↑ Eitrem, Rickard (2006-11-08). "Badsårsfeber! Vibrios?". Läkartidningen (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  10. 1 2 "Diseases of wild and farmed finfish: Vibriosis". Government of Scotland. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  11. ↑ "Temperature Upshift Mostly but not Always Enhances the Growth of Vibrio Species: A Systematic Review". Frontiers in Marine Science. doi: 10.3389/fmars . hdl: 2164/17579 .
  12. ↑ Amato, Ettore; Riess, Maximilian; Thomas-Lopez, Daniel; Linkevicius, Marius; Pitkänen, Tarja; Wołkowicz, Tomasz; Rjabinina, Jelena; Jernberg, Cecilia; Hjertqvist, Marika; MacDonald, Emily; Antony-Samy, Jeevan Karloss; Bjerre, Karsten Dalsgaard; Salmenlinna, Saara; Fuursted, Kurt; Hansen, Anette; Naseer, Umaer (14 July 2022). "Vibrio infections in Europe: 10-year surveillance data from the European Surveillance System (TESSy)". Eurosurveillance. 27 (28). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.28.2101088. hdl: 11250/3023170 . PMC   9284918 .
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