Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod (comma) shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. Being highly salt tolerant and unable to survive in fresh water, Vibrio spp. are commonly found in various salt water environments. Vibrio spp. are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores. All members of the genus are motile. They are able to have polar or lateral flagellum with or without sheaths. Vibrio species typically possess two chromosomes, which is unusual for bacteria. Each chromosome has a distinct and independent origin of replication, and are conserved together over time in the genus. Recent phylogenies have been constructed based on a suite of genes.
Vibrio natriegens is a Gram-negative marine bacterium. It was first isolated from salt marsh mud. It is a salt-loving organism (halophile) requiring about 2% NaCl for growth. It reacts well to the presence of sodium ions which appear to stimulate growth in Vibrio species, to stabilise the cell membrane, and to affect sodium-dependent transport and mobility. Under optimum conditions, and all nutrients provided, the doubling time of V. natriegens can be less than 10 minutes. V. natriegens is able to successfully live and rapidly divide in its coastal areas due its large range of metabolic fuel. Recent research has displayed that Vibrio natriegens has a flexible metabolism, which allows it to consume a large variety of carbon substrates, reduce nitrates, and even fix nitrogen from the atmosphere under nitrogen-limiting and anaerobic conditions. In the laboratory, the growth medium can be easily changed, thus affecting the growth rate of a culture. V. natriegens is commonly found in estuarine mud.
Salinicola salarius is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, piezophilic bacterium that requires pressures of 102 MPa to grow. The species was first isolated from a salt water sample from Anmyeondo, Korea and was formally described in 2007. S salarius cells are aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods (0.8–0.9x1.3–1.7 μm) that form yellow, smooth, translucent, circular colonies with entire edges. The oxidase- and catalase-positive cells are motile and possess lateral/polar flagella. Growth occurs at 10–45 °C and at pH 5–10. The strain is able to grow at salinities between 0 and 25% NaCl.
Staphylococcus arlettae is a gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci. It has been isolated from the skin of mammals and birds and is novobiocin resistant. A strain of this species isolated from effluent from a textile factory was found to be able to degrade azo dyes.
Providencia rettgeri, is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in both water and land environments. P. rettgeri is in the genus Providencia, along with Providencia stuartii, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Providencia rustigianii. P. rettgeri can be incubated at 37 °C in nutrient agar or nutrient broth. It was first discovered in 1904 after a waterfowl epidemic. Strains of the species have also been isolated from nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. Providencia rettgeri also found in marine environment.
Halobacillus karajensis is a species of bacteria. It is halophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped. Its type strain is MA-2T. Halobacillus karajensis is commonly found in marine environment. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized Halobacillus karajensis from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Oceanobacillus kimchii is a bacterium, named after kimchi, where the first isolate was found. Its cells are rod-shaped and the type strain is X50T. Oceanobacillus kimchii is also found in the marine sponges.
Oceanobacillus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and motile bacteria genus from the family of Bacillaceae with a peritrichous flagella. Oceanobacillus species are commonly found in saline environment.
Shewanella chilikensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterium from the genus Shewanella which has been isolated from sediments from the Chilika Lagoon in India and marine sponges of Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Shewanella chilikensis are highly salt tolerant and commonly found in marine environment.
Marinobacterium coralli is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacterium which has been isolated from the mucus of the coral Mussismilia hispida from the São Sebastião Channel in Brazil. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated, characterized and identified Marinobacterium coralli from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Marinobacterium maritimum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacterium which has been isolated from sediments from the Arctic. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated, characterized and identified Marinobacterium maritimum from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Thalassobacillus is a Gram-positive, oxidase positive, catalase negative, rod shaped and moderately halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. Single colonies are small in size.Thalassobacillus bacteria produces Meso-diaminopimelic acid. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and biochemically characterized Thalassobacillus devorans from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Photobacterium marinum is a gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive, motile bacteria of the genus Photobacterium. Photobacterium marinum are commonly found in marine environment. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated, characterized and identified Photobacterium marinum from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Vibrio azureus is a gram negative, oxidase and catalase positive marine bacterium. It is commonly found in marine environments and was isolated from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Colonies are medium-sized, round and whitish; individual bacteria have a curved rod shape and are motile. It has been observed to emit a blue light using an additional blue-fluorescent protein.
Vibrio pelagius is a gram negative, oxidase and catalase positive marine bacterium described in 1971. It is commonly found in marine environments and has been isolated from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Colonies are round and whitish, of medium size; individual bacteria have a curved rod shape and are motile.
Salinicola halophilus is a gram negative, oxidase and catalase positive, motile, salt tolerant marine bacteria. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated, characterized and identified Salinicola halophilus from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Chromohalobacter marismortui is a gram negative, oxidase and catalase positive, rod shaped, motile marine bacterium. It is commonly found in marine environments and was isolated from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Colonies are medium-sized, round and yellowish in color. Type strain of C. marismortui is M.G.1.1T.
Thalassolituus marinus is a gram negative, rod shaped, motile, hydrocarbon utilizing marine bacterium. Choi and Cho (2013) isolated Thalassolituus marinus from a surface seawater sample of the Yellow Sea. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized Thalassolituus marinus from marine sponge of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The type strain of Thalassolituus marinus is IMCC1826T.
Oceanobacillus limi is a gram positive, rod shaped, halophilic bacteria of the family Bacillaceae. Oceanobacillus limi was isolated from a mud sample of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran and also from marine sponge of Saint Martin's island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The type strain of Oceanobacillus limi is strain H9BT. Oceanobacillus limi cannot produce indole or H2S.
Oceanobacillus profundus is a gram positive, rod shaped, halophilic bacteria of the family Bacillaceae. Oceanobacillus profundus was isolated from the surface of a sediment core sample of the Tsushima Basin of the Sea of Japan, Korea, and from marine sponge of Saint Martin's island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The type strain is CL-MP28T. Sponge associated Oceanobacillus profundus strain CS 9 was highly salt tolarent.
