Voivodeships of Poland (1975–1998)

Last updated
The Polish administrative regions from 1975 to 1998 POL Voivodships 1975.svg
The Polish administrative regions from 1975 to 1998

The voivodeships of Poland from 1975 to 1998 were created as part of a two-tier method for administering the country and its regions. Between June 1, 1975, and December 31, 1998, pursuant to a law proclaimed on May 28, 1975, Poland was administratively divided into 49 voivodeships, consolidating and eliminating the intermediate administrative level of counties.

Contents

The scheme meant that most voivodeships had fewer than 1,000,000 inhabitants. Each voivodeship took its name from a small- or medium-sized town situated near its centre, which would become its capital.

History

An unstated reason for the reform was the desire of the Polish Central Committee to strengthen control over lower layers of the state apparatus. After Edward Gierek replaced Władysław Gomułka as first secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party, his clique maintained power by dividing the Politburo.

Through administrative reorganization and the new territorial division, Gierek was able to nominate his supporters to provincial committees and break the hold of older elements of the party. [1]

On the date the system took effect (1 June 1975), the 49 voivodeships were further subdivided into 2,343 municipalities plus 814 cities, including four cities with special status — Warsaw, Łódź, Kraków and Wrocław — for a total of 3,157 municipal governments serving as secondary administrative units.

Warsaw Voivodeship had the status of a metropolitan voivodeship, and the Łódź and Kraków Voivodeships were called urban voivodeships . The appointed mayor of each voivodeship's capital city also served as the provincial governor. Initially, the city of Wrocław was a separate administrative division within the Wrocław Voivodeship.

During 1991 and 1992 the large municipalities were restructured, significantly changing the division of powers between the provincial cities and the surrounding rural communities (Laws of 1991, ch. 2, sec. 9, ch. 3, sec. 12 and ch. 87, sec. 397).

In the Polish administrative reform of 1999 Poland introduced a further reform of local government administration, establishing the present 16 voivodeships with new districts.

Cities

In 1975 many towns that had previously been large communal villages were incorporated as cities.

During the second half of the 1970s eight towns lost their civic rights and were merged into neighbouring cities, while several cities that had previously lost their identity and absorbed into metropolitan conurbations regained their independence: Poręba, Sławków, Międzyzdroje, Bieruń, Lędziny, Wojkowice, Rydułtowy, Pszów, Miasteczko Śląskie, Imielin, Radlin, Radzionków and Zagórz.

List of voivodeships

From 1975 until 1998 Poland was divided into the following voivodeships:

Map
location
VoivodeshipProvincial
capital
Area, km2
(1998)
Population
(1998)
CitiesGmina
POL wojewodztwo bialopodlaskie 1975.svg Biała Podlaska
Voivodeship
Biała Podlaska 5,348309,900635
POL wojewodztwo bialostockie 1975.svg Białystok
Voivodeship
Białystok 10,055701,4001749
POL wojewodztwo bielskie 1975.svg Bielsko-Biała
Voivodeship
Bielsko-Biała 3,704927,5001859
POL wojewodztwo bydgoskie 1975.svg Bydgoszcz
Voivodeship
Bydgoszcz 10,3491,136,9002755
POL wojewodztwo chelmskie 1975.svg Chełm
Voivodeship
Chełm 3,866248,800425
POL wojewodztwo ciechanowskie 1975.svg Ciechanów
Voivodeship
Ciechanów 6,362437,400945
POL wojewodztwo czestochowskie 1975.svg Częstochowa
Voivodeship
Częstochowa 6,182779,6001749
POL wojewodztwo elblaskie 1975.svg Elbląg
Voivodeship
Elbląg 6,103495,1001537
POL wojewodztwo gdanskie 1975.svg Gdańsk
Voivodeship
Gdańsk 7,3941,469,4001943
POL wojewodztwo gorzowskie 1975.svg Gorzów Wielkopolski
Voivodeship
Gorzów,
Wielkopolski
8,484514,3002138
POL wojewodztwo jeleniogorskie 1975.svg Jelenia Góra
Voivodeship
Jelenia Góra 4,379523,7002428
POL wojewodztwo kaliskie 1975.svg Kalisz
Voivodeship
Kalisz 6,512724,8002053
POL wojewodztwo katowickie 1975.svg Katowice
Voivodeship
Katowice 6,6503,894,9004346
POL wojewodztwo kieleckie 1975.svg Kielce
Voivodeship
Kielce 9,2111,131,7001769
POL wojewodztwo koninskie 1975.svg Konin
Voivodeship
Konin 5,139480,8001845
POL wojewodztwo koszalinskie 1975.svg Koszalin
Voivodeship
Koszalin 8,470527,6001735
POL wojewodztwo krakowskie 1975.svg Kraków
Voivodeship
Kraków 3,2541,245,0001038
POL wojewodztwo krosnienskie 1975.svg Krosno
Voivodeship
Krosno 5,702510,1001237
POL wojewodztwo legnickie 1975.svg Legnica
Voivodeship
Legnica 4,037525,6001131
POL wojewodztwo leszczynskie 1975.svg Leszno
Voivodeship
Leszno 4,154399,5001928
POL wojewodztwo lubelskie 1975.svg Lublin
Voivodeship
Lublin 6,7921,027,3001662
POL wojewodztwo lomzynskie 1975.svg Łomża
Voivodeship
Łomża 6,684352,9001239
POL wojewodztwo lodzkie 1975.svg Łódź
Voivodeship
Łódź 1,5241,099,700811
POL wojewodztwo nowosadeckie 1975.svg Nowy Sącz
Voivodeship
Nowy Sącz 5,576747,5001441
POL wojewodztwo olsztynskie 1975.svg Olsztyn
Voivodeship
Olsztyn 12,327778,2002148
POL wojewodztwo opolskie 1975.svg Opole
Voivodeship
Opole 8,5351,022,1002961
POL wojewodztwo ostroleckie 1975.svg Ostrołęka
Voivodeship
Ostrołęka 6,498411,600938
POL wojewodztwo pilskie 1975.svg Piła
Voivodeship
Piła 8,205496,9002435
POL wojewodztwo piotrkowskie 1975.svg Piotrków
Voivodeship
Piotrków Trybunalski 6,266642,2001051
POL wojewodztwo plockie 1975.svg Płock
Voivodeship
Płock 5,117520,900944
POL wojewodztwo poznanskie 1975.svg Poznań
Voivodeship
Poznań 8,1511,363,6003357
POL wojewodztwo przemyskie 1975.svg Przemyśl
Voivodeship
Przemyśl 4,437415,600935
POL wojewodztwo radomskie 1975.svg Radom
Voivodeship
Radom 7,294763,3001561
POL wojewodztwo rzeszowskie 1975.svg Rzeszów
Voivodeship
Rzeszów 4,397648,9001341
POL wojewodztwo siedleckie 1975.svg Siedlce
Voivodeship
Siedlce 8,499661,4001266
POL wojewodztwo sieradzkie 1975.svg Sieradz
Voivodeship
Sieradz 4,868411,500940
POL wojewodztwo skierniewickie 1975.svg Skierniewice
Voivodeship
Skierniewice 3,960423,700836
POL wojewodztwo slupskie 1975.svg Słupsk
Voivodeship
Słupsk 7,453429,7001131
POL wojewodztwo suwalskie 1975.svg Suwałki
Voivodeship
Suwałki 10,490489,2001442
POL wojewodztwo szczecinskie 1975.svg Szczecin
Voivodeship
Szczecin 9,982995,2002950
POL wojewodztwo tarnobrzeskie 1975.svg Tarnobrzeg
Voivodeship
Tarnobrzeg 6,283609,1001446
POL wojewodztwo tarnowskie 1975.svg Tarnów
Voivodeship
Tarnów 4,151700,800941
POL wojewodztwo torunskie 1975.svg Toruń
Voivodeship
Toruń 5,348674,8001341
POL wojewodztwo walbrzyskie 1975.svg Wałbrzych
Voivodeship
Wałbrzych 4,168733,0003130
POL wojewodztwo warszawskie 1975.svg Warszawa
Voivodeship
Warsaw 3,7882,419,8002732
POL wojewodztwo wloclawskie 1975.svg Włocławek
Voivodeship
Włocławek 4,402434,7001430
POL wojewodztwo wroclawskie 1975.svg Wrocław
Voivodeship
Wrocław 6,2871,136,7001633
POL wojewodztwo zamojskie 1975.svg Zamość
Voivodeship
Zamość 6,980489,300547
POL wojewodztwo zielonogorskie 1975.svg Zielona Góra
Voivodeship
Zielona Góra 8,868679,3002650

See also

Notes

  1. Wojciech Roszkowski, Historia Polski 1914-1998 ("Polish History 1914-1998, 7th Edition"), Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1999, p. 330. ISBN   83-01-12921-2

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silesian Voivodeship</span> Voivodeship of Poland

Silesian Voivodeship is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland centered on the historic region known as Upper Silesia, with Katowice serving as its capital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Voivodeships of Poland</span> Highest-level administrative division of Poland

A voivodeship is the highest-level administrative division of Poland, corresponding to a province in many other countries. The term has been in use since the 14th century and is commonly translated into English as "province".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Masovian Voivodeship</span> Voivodeship of Poland

Masovian Voivodeship or Mazowieckie Province or Mazowieckie Voivodeship or Mazovian Voivodeship or Mazovian Province, etc. is a voivodeship (province) in east-central Poland, containing Poland's capital Warsaw.

A voivodeship or voivodate is the area administered by a voivode (governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times and the area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a duke. Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval Eastern Europe included ban and banate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Łódź Voivodeship</span> Voivodeship of Poland

Łódź Voivodeship is a voivodeship (province) of Poland. The province is named after its capital and largest city, Łódź, pronounced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polish People's Republic</span> Country of the Warsaw Pact and Eastern Bloc from 1947 to 1989

The Polish People's Republic (1952–1989), formerly the Republic of Poland (1947–1952), was a country in Central Europe that existed as the predecessor of the modern-day democratic Republic of Poland. From 1947 to 1952 it was known as the Republic of Poland, and it was also often simply known as Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million near the end of its existence, it was the second most-populous communist and Eastern Bloc country in Europe, and one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact alliance. The largest city and official capital since 1947 was Warsaw, followed by the industrial city of Łódź and cultural city of Kraków. The country was bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north, the Soviet Union to the east, Czechoslovakia to the south, and East Germany to the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bielsko Voivodeship</span> Former voivodeship of Poland from 1975 to 1998.

The Bielsko Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) of the Polish People's Republic from 1975 to 1989, and the Third Republic of Poland from 1989 to 1998. Its capital was Bielsko-Biała. It was established on 1 June 1975, from the parts of the voivodeships of Katowice, and Kraków, and existed until 31 December 1998, when it was partitioned between then-established Lesser Poland, and Silesian Voivodeships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998)</span> Former administrative division of Poland

Białystok Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, when it was superseded by the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Its capital city was Białystok. It was formed in 1975 from part of the existing Białystok Voivodeship. The region was 10,055 km2 (3,882 sq mi), and its population in 1994, about 700 000 inhabitants. It was divided into 20 cities and 50 municipalities. It bordered with four Voivodeships: Suwałki, Łomża, Siedlce and Biała Podlaska and until 1991 with the Soviet Union, and later with Belarus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piotrków Trybunalski</span> Place in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland

Piotrków Trybunalski, often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Administrative divisions of Poland</span>

The administrative division of Poland since 1999 has been based on three levels of subdivision. The territory of Poland is divided into voivodeships (provinces); these are further divided into powiats, and these in turn are divided into gminas. Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat. Poland currently has 16 voivodeships, 380 powiats, and 2,478 gminas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subdivisions of Congress Poland</span>

Congress Poland was subdivided several times from its creation in 1815 until its dissolution in 1918. Congress Poland was divided into departments, a relic from the times of the French-dominated Duchy of Warsaw. In 1816 the administrative divisions were changed to forms that were more traditionally Polish: voivodeships, obwóds and powiats. Following the November Uprising, the subdivisions were again changed in 1837 to bring the subdivisions closer to the structure of the Russian Empire when guberniyas (governorates) were introduced. In this way, Congress Poland was gradually transformed into the "Vistulan Country". Over the next several decades, various smaller reforms were carried out, either changing the smaller administrative units or merging/splitting various guberniyas.

The subdivisions of the Polish People's Republic changed several times from the Republic's inception in 1946 to the latest revision in 1999. The first subdivisions of the Republic involved the territories that were acquired in the west after World War II. They were subsequently reformed in 1946, 1950, 1957 and 1975. The 1975 division survived the fall of communism in 1990. The current administrative subdivisions were finalised in 1999. While they closely resemble the 1945–75 scheme, they have different names since the Communists tended to simply name the voivodeships after their capitals, whereas the current ones use more historical names. In some cases, there were border adjustments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subdivisions of the Duchy of Warsaw</span>

Subdivisions of the Duchy of Warsaw were based on departments that were headed by prefects. The subsidivions were based on the French model following the erection of the Duchy of Warsaw by Napoleon. The departments were in turn subdivided into traditional Polish powiats (counties). Initially six departments were created out of the province of South Prussia in the Kingdom of Prussia. After the 1809 Polish–Austrian War, and the Treaty of Schönbrunn, their number increased to ten. Each department was named after its capital city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silesian Military District</span> Former Polish military command (1945–2011)

Silesian Military District was one of three military districts in Poland, the other two being the Pomeranian Military District and the Warsaw Military District. All three were disbanded by the end of 2011 due to the restructuring of the Polish Army. Its headquarters was in Wrocław.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Architecture of Poland</span>

The architecture of Poland includes modern and historical monuments of architectural and historical importance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Fire Service</span>

State Fire Service is a professional fire fighting service in Poland. It is subordinate to the Polish Ministry of Interior and Administration. The modern State Fire Service is based on the 1992 legislation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koszalin Voivodeship (1975–1998)</span> Former voivodeship of Poland from 1975 to 1998.

The Koszalin Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) of the Polish People's Republic from 1975 to 1989, and the Third Republic of Poland from 1989 to 1998. Its capital was Koszalin, and it was centered on the eastern Farther Pomerania. It was established on 1 June 1975, from the part of the Koszalin Voivodeship, and existed until 31 December 1998, when it was incorporated into then-established West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The administrative reform of 1975 in Poland was a major administrative reform in the Polish People's Republic which began in 1973 and completed in 1975. The Act of May 28, 1975 introduced a two-level administrative division in Poland. The reform was the final stage of subsequent administrative changes that had taken place since the liquidation of communes and the introduction of communes in their place at the end of 1954. The gradual elimination of population-, economically, infrastructurally and developmentally weak communities began in the late 1950s and continued in stages throughout the 1960s. In the early 1970s, much larger and significantly reduced in number clusters increasingly resembled communes, which were finally reactivated on January 1, 1973, simultaneously liquidating clusters and housing estates. In total, instead of 4,315 municipalities, 2,366 much larger communes were created on January 1, 1973. This number was reduced in subsequent years to 2,129.