Waikowhai

Waikowhai
Suburb
Waikowhai Superette on Hillsborough Road
Country	New Zealand
City	Auckland
Local authority	Auckland Council
Electoral ward	Albert-Eden-Puketāpapa ward
Local board	Puketāpapa Local Board
Area [1]
• Land	206 ha (509 acres)
Population  (June 2022) [2]
• Total	5,550

New Windsor (3.6 km)	Mount Roskill (1,259 m)	Three Kings (2.9 km)
Lynfield (1.7 km)	Waikowhai	Hillsborough (1327 m)
(Manukau Harbour)	(Manukau Harbour)	(Manukau Harbour)

Waikowhai is an Auckland suburb, under the local governance of the Auckland Council. Waikowhai has the largest block of native forest left on the Auckland isthmus. The block was considered the too infertile for farming and subsequently not cleared but given to the Wesley Mission. Today the forest block hosts a valuable sample of Auckland's original fauna and flora. Waikōwhai Walkway extends for 10 km (6.2 mi) linking Onehunga to Lynfield Cove. ^[3]

Etymology

The name Waikowhai (sometimes spelt Waikowai) is mentioned on early European maps of the area and in newspapers from the 1850s. ^{[4] [5] [6]} The meaning of the name in Māori is unclear, either meaning kōwhai tree waters, or yellow water. ^[4]

History

The southern Auckland isthmus has been settled by Tāmaki Māori since at least the 13th century. A traditional trail existed at Waikowhai, linking Te Tōanga Waka (the Whau River portage) in the west to Onehunga in the east. The iwi and hapū of the Manukau Harbour moved seasonally between different areas, collecting seasonal resources and farming. By the early 18th century, the area was within the rohe of Waiohua. After the defeat of Kiwi Tāmaki, the paramount chief of the iwi, the area became part of the rohe of Ngāti Whātua (modern-day Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei). ^[4] There are two known sites of significance in the Waikowhai area, that are recorded on the 1853 map of the Manukau Harbour by Commander B. Drury: the Cape Horn headland is the recorded location of a fortified pā called Matengarahi, and the modern day Wattle Bay area, a site where many shell middens have been found, was called Taunahi. ^[4]

The land at Waikowhai was purchased through Robert FitzRoy's pre-emptive waiver scheme on 26 March 1844, as a part of Deed 208. ^[4] Most of the modern suburb of Waikowhai was land gifted to the Wesleyan Methodist Church by the Crown in 1850, for the use of the Wesleyan mission. The land was used by the mission for fishing and swimming by the pupils. ^{[7] [4]}

Waikowhai Bay was a popular destination for swimmers, day-trippers and picnickers in Auckland during the early 20th century. Gradually the bay lost popularity in the 1930s, due to increased pollution in the Manukau Harbour. ^[8]

In 1927, the Wesley Trust began developing and subdividing the land at Waikowhai for suburban housing, which was followed by government housing developments from the 1940s onwards. ^[9]

In the 1950s and 1960s, a rubbish tip and landfill was established at Waikowhai Park, which negatively impacted the area; causing pollution and blocking access to Waikowhai Bay. ^[4]

Demographics

Waikowhai covers 2.06 km² (0.80 sq mi) ^[1] and had an estimated population of 5,550 as of June 2022, ^[2] with a population density of 2,694 people per km².

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
2006	4,833	—
2013	4,956	+0.36%
2018	5,439	+1.88%
Source: [10]

View of the Manukau Harbour from Waikowhai

Waikowhai had a population of 5,439 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 483 people (9.7%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 606 people (12.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,518 households, comprising 2,715 males and 2,721 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 1,089 people (20.0%) aged under 15 years, 1,449 (26.6%) aged 15 to 29, 2,409 (44.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 492 (9.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 28.7% European/Pākehā, 6.7% Māori, 22.0% Pacific peoples, 47.3% Asian, and 4.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 52.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 27.5% had no religion, 41.0% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 14.5% were Hindu, 6.8% were Muslim, 3.0% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,407 (32.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 582 (13.4%) people had no formal qualifications. 705 people (16.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,211 (50.8%) people were employed full-time, 597 (13.7%) were part-time, and 189 (4.3%) were unemployed. ^[10]

Individual statistical areas

Name	Area (km2)	Population	Density (per km2)	Households	Median age	Median income
Waikowhai North	0.70	3,402	4,860	900	29.9 years	$23,800 [11]
Waikowhai South	1.36	2,037	1,498	618	35.4 years	$41,400 [12]
New Zealand					37.4 years	$31,800

Landmarks and features

• The Arkell Homestead, a historic country homestead owned by the Arkell family at 461 Hillsborough Road. The homestead was used as a home for the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, St Joseph, ^[13] and is now a part of the Metlifecare Retirement Village.
• Waikōwhai Park, a large park bordering the Manukau Harbour, which was created on land gifted by the Wesleyan Mission Trust to the Mt Roskill Road Board in 1909. The park opened in February 1914, and became a popular destination for swimming, camping and picnics in the early 20th century. ^[4] The park is dominated by kohekohe forest. ^[14]
• The Waikōwhai Walkway, a 10 km (6.2 mi) path linking Onehunga to Lynfield Cove. ^{[3] [15]}
• The northern Manukau Harbour coast, including Cape Horn, Waikowhai Bay, Faulkner Bay and Wesley Bay. Cape Horn features a lookout over the Manukau Harbour. ^[14]

Education

Waikowhai Intermediate School

Waikowhai Intermediate School is an intermediate school (years 7-8) with a roll of 406. ^[16] It opened in 1964, and was originally used as a campus for the North Shore Teachers Training College. ^[17]

Waikowhai School is a contributing primary school (years 1-6) with a roll of 178, ^[18] which opened in 1956. ^[17]

Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of April 2023. ^[19]

Secondary schools in the area are Lynfield College and Mount Roskill Grammar School. Catholic secondary schools serving the area are Marcellin College and St Peter's College.

References

1. "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
2. "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand . Retrieved 25 October 2022.
3. "Waikōwhai Walkway: Manukau coastal walk". Auckland Council. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
4. Pishief, Elizabeth; Shirley, Brendan (August 2015). "Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study" (PDF). Auckland Council . Retrieved 14 February 2023.
5. "Notice". Maori Messenger: Te Karere Maori (in Māori). Vol. 1, no. 7. 1 September 1855. Retrieved 15 February 2023– via Papers Past.
6. "E Rua Tekau Pauna. Panuitanga". Maori Messenger: Te Karere Maori (in Māori). Vol. 6, no. 10. 31 May 1859. Retrieved 15 February 2023– via Papers Past.
7. Reidy 2013, pp. 24–25. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReidy2013 (help)
8. Reidy 2013, pp. 132–133. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReidy2013 (help)
9. Reidy 2013, pp. 71. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReidy2013 (help)
10. "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Waikowhai North (142300) and Waikowhai South (142500).
11. 2018 Census place summary: Waikowhai North
12. 2018 Census place summary: Waikowhai South
13. Mathews & Mathews Architects; Truttman, Lisa (February 2014). Puketapapa - Mt Roskill Heritage Survey 2013 (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council . Retrieved 12 February 2023.
14. Janssen, Peter (January 2021). Greater Auckland Walks. New Holland Publishers. p. 116-117. ISBN   978-1-86966-516-6. Wikidata   Q118136068.
15. "Hillsborough Cemetery Loop: Waikōwhai Walkway". Auckland Council. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
16. Education Counts: Waikowhai Intermediate School
17. Reidy 2013, pp. 162. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReidy2013 (help)
18. Education Counts: Waikowhai School
19. "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 12 December 2022.

Bibliography

• Reidy, Jade (2013). Not Just Passing Through: the Making of Mt Roskill (2nd ed.). Auckland: Puketāpapa Local Board. ISBN   978-1-927216-97-2. OCLC   889931177. Wikidata   Q116775081.

External links

• Photographs of Waikowhai held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.