Water tunnel (hydrodynamic)

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Cavitation tunnel of the Versuchsanstalt fur Wasserbau und Schiffbau in Berlin Berlin-tiergarten vws 20050404 p1020295.jpg
Cavitation tunnel of the Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffbau in Berlin

A water tunnel is an experimental facility used for testing the hydrodynamic behavior of submerged bodies in flowing water. It functions similar to a recirculating wind tunnel, but uses water as the working fluid, and related phenomena are investigated, such as measuring the forces on scale models of submarines or lift and drag on hydrofoils. Water tunnels are sometimes used in place of wind tunnels to perform measurements because techniques like particle image velocimetry (PIV) are easier to implement in water. For many cases as long as the Reynolds number is equivalent, the results are valid, whether a submerged water vehicle model is tested in air or an aerial vehicle is tested in water. For low Reynolds number flows, tunnels can use oil instead of water. The advantage is that the increased viscosity will allow the flow to be a higher speed (and thus easier to maintain in a stable manner) for a lower Reynolds number.

Contents

Often, a tunnel will be co-located with other experimental facilities such as a wave flume at a Ship model basin.

Cavitating propeller model in 'David Taylor Model Basin' Cavitating-prop.jpg
Cavitating propeller model in 'David Taylor Model Basin'

Cavitation studies

Because it is a high-speed phenomenon, a special procedure is needed to visualize cavitation. The propeller, attached to a dynamometer, is placed in the inflow, and its thrust and torque is measured at different ratios of propeller speed (number of revolutions) to inflow velocity. A stroboscope synchronized with the propeller speed "freezes" the cavitation bubble. By this means, it is possible to determine if the propeller would be damaged by cavitation. To ensure similarity to the full-scale propeller, the pressure is lowered, and the gas content of the water is controlled.

List of water tunnels (cavitation tunnels)

Australia

Brazil

Canada

France

Germany

India

Iran

Italy

The Netherlands

Norway

Spain

Serbia

Switzerland

Taiwan

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cavitation</span> Low-pressure voids formed in liquids

Cavitation in fluid mechanics and engineering normally is the phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapor pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid. When subjected to higher pressure, these cavities, called "bubbles" or "voids", collapse and can generate shock waves that may damage machinery. These shock waves are strong when they are very close to the imploded bubble, but rapidly weaken as they propagate away from the implosion. Cavitation is a significant cause of wear in some engineering contexts. Collapsing voids that implode near to a metal surface cause cyclic stress through repeated implosion. This results in surface fatigue of the metal, causing a type of wear also called "cavitation". The most common examples of this kind of wear are to pump impellers, and bends where a sudden change in the direction of liquid occurs.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supercavitation</span> Use of a cavitation bubble to reduce skin friction drag on a submerged object

Supercavitation is the use of a cavitation bubble to reduce skin friction drag on a submerged object and enable high speeds. Applications include torpedoes and propellers, but in theory, the technique could be extended to an entire underwater vessel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Cheng Kung University</span> National university in Tainan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ship model basin</span> Water tank used to carry out hydrodynamic tests

A ship model basin is a basin or tank used to carry out hydrodynamic tests with ship models, for the purpose of designing a new ship, or refining the design of a ship to improve the ship's performance at sea. It can also refer to the organization that owns and operates such a facility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Taipei University of Technology</span> Public university in Taipei, Taiwan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Taiwan Ocean University</span> National university in Keelung, Taiwan

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William B. Morgan is an American naval architect and renowned expert in propeller design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emerson Cavitation Tunnel</span> Educational in Blyth, United Kingdom

The Emerson Cavitation Tunnel is a propeller testing facility that is part of the School of Engineering at Newcastle University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Penghu University of Science and Technology</span> University in Magong, Penghu, Taiwan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Yang-Ming University</span> University in Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Dong Hwa University</span> Public research university in Hualien, Taiwan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NDHU College of Science and Engineering</span> Public research school of science and engineering

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NDHU Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering</span> Taiwans leading School for Computer Science

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