West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline of reported cases and deaths

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Timeline, tables and graphs
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NotationTimeline, tables and graphs at the apex of the West African Ebola virus epidemic
Table of graphs and parameters

In March 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a major Ebola outbreak in Guinea, a western African nation, [1] the disease then rapidly spread to the neighboring countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone with smaller outbreaks occurring in Senegal, Nigeria, and Mali; the resulting West African Ebola virus epidemic is the largest Ebola outbreak (cases and deaths) ever documented. [1]

Contents

Background

Researchers believe that a 2-year-old boy who lived in the village of Meliandou, Guéckédou Prefecture, Guinea was the index case of the current Ebola virus disease epidemic. The boy died in December 2013. His mother, sister, and grandmother then became ill with similar symptoms and also died. Although Ebola represents a significant public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and was documented [2] in Tai Forest chimpanzees, only one case had been reported in humans in West Africa. [3] With this background and in the context of poor public health systems, [4] the early cases were mis-diagnosed as diseases more common to the area. Thus Ebola virus disease spread for several months before it was recognized as such. [5] [6] In late October 2014, the boy was later identified as Emile Ouamouno. [7] [8] In a Tuesday, December 30, 2014 online world news story article by Richard Ingham from the Agence France-Presse (AFP) that was featured on the MSN homepage, it was revealed that a tree in the area where children had played at, playing with insect-eating free-tailed bats and hunting and grilling them to eat (they are a cousin of another well-known Ebola reservoir, the fruit bat, whose role in this outbreak is not as clear), is believed to be the point where human infection – likely by the bats – with Ebola in this current outbreak occurred, the 'ground zero' of the epidemic. This is not yet known decisively, but scientists have enough knowledge to go public with the story. [9]

Timeline of reported cases and deaths

Data sources

Data comes from reports by the World Health Organization Global Alert and Response Unit [Resource 1] and the WHO's Regional Office for Africa. [Resource 2] All numbers are correlated with United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), if available. [Resource 3] The reports are sourced from official information from the affected countries' health ministries. The WHO has stated the reported numbers "vastly underestimate the magnitude of the outbreak", estimating there may be 3 times as many cases as officially reported. [10] [11]

Understanding the data and its limitations

Each row of the table represents the best available information cross-checked from multiple sources on the day it was reported. The data may be inaccurate for the following reasons:[ citation needed ]

Graphs

Tables

Major Ebola virus outbreaks by country and by date – 30 July 2015 to most recent WHO / Gov update
Note: Cases include confirmed, probable and suspected per the WHO, numbers are the cumulative figures as published on the given date, and due to retrospective revisions differences between successive weekly totals are not necessarily the number of new cases that week.
DateTotal Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Sources
CasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeaths
25 Nov 201528,63711,3143,8042,53610,6754,80814,1223,955 [note 1] [13]
18 Nov 201528,63411,3143,8042,53610,6724,80814,1223,955 [note 2] [14]
11 Nov 201528,63511,3143,8052,53610,6724,80814,1223,955 [note 3] [15]
4 Nov 201528,60711,3143,8102,53610,6724,80814,0893,955 [note 4] [16]
25 Oct 201528,53911,2983,8062,53510,6724,80814,0613,955 [note 5] [17]
18 Oct 201528,47611,2983,8032,53510,6724,80814,0013,955 [18]
11 Oct 201528,45411,2973,8002,53410,6724,80813,9823,955 [note 6] [19]
27 Sep 201528,38811,2963,8052,53310,6724,80813,9113,955 [20]
20 Sep 201528,29511,2953,8002,53210,6724,80813,8233,955 [21]
13 Sep 201528,22011,2913,7922,53010,6724,80813,7563,953 [22]
6 Sep 201528,14711,2913,7922,53010,6724,80813,6833,953 [23]
30 Aug 201528,07311,2903,7922,52910,6724,80813,6093,953 [24]
16 Aug 201527,95211,2843,7862,52410,6724,80813,4943,952 [25]
9 Aug 201527,92911,2833,7872,52410,6724,80813,4703,951 [26]
26 Jul 201527,74811,2793,7862,52010,6724,80813,2903,951 [27]
12 Jul 201527,64211,2613,7602,50610,6734,80813,2093,947 [28]
5 Jul 201527,57311,2463,7482,49910,6704,80713,1553,940 [note 7] [29] [30]
28 Jun 201527,51411,2203,7292,48210,6664,80613,1193,932 [31]
21 Jun 201527,44311,2073,7182,47310,6664,80613,0593,924 [32]
14 Jun 201527,30511,1693,6742,44410,6664,80612,9653,919 [33]
31 May 201527,11011,1323,6522,42910,6664,80612,8273,912 [34]
17 May 201526,89811,1053,6352,40710,6664,80612,6323,907 [35]
3 May 201526,55810,9903,5892,38610,5644,71612,4403,903 [36]
19 Apr 201526,00910,7933,5652,35810,2124,57312,2673,877 [37]
5 Apr 201525,48010,5573,5152,3339,8624,40812,1383,831 [38]
22 Mar 201524,83710,2963,4292,2639,6024,30111,8413,747 [39]
8 Mar 201524,2829,9763,2852,170≥9,343≥4,16211,6193,629 [40]
22 Feb 201523,6599,5743,1552,0919,2384,03711,3013,461 [41]
8 Feb 201522,8249,1473,0441,995≥8,881≥3,82610,9343,341 [42]
25 Jan 201522,0228,7802,9171,9108,6223,68610,5183,199 [43]
11 Jan 201521,2268,3992,8061,8148,3313,53810,1243,062 [44]
28 Dec 201420,1717,8902,7071,7098,0183,4239,4462,758 [45]
14 Dec 201418,5657,2732,4151,5257,8193,3468,3562,417 [46] [47] [48]
30 Nov 201417,1106,3972,1641,3257,6533,1577,3121,915 [49] [50] [51]
18 Nov 201415,2915,7652,0471,2147,0822,9636,1901,598 [52] [53]
2 Nov 201413,0155,1881,7311,0416,5252,6974,7591,450 [54] [55]
19 Oct 20149,9114,8901,5409264,6652,7053,7061,259 [56]
12 Oct 20148,9504,4761,4728434,2492,4583,2521,183 [57]
28 Sep 20147,1693,2781,1577103,6961,9982,317570 [58] [59]
14 Sep 20145,3272,5789426012,7201,4611,655516 [60] [61] [62]
31 Aug 20143,6641,7947714941,6988711,216436 [63] [64]
16 Aug 20142,2251,225543394834466848365 [65]
9 Aug 20141,8351,011506373599323730315 [66]
30 Jul 20141,437825472346391227574252 [67]
23 Jul 20141,201672427319249129525224 [68]
14 Jul 2014982613411310174106397197 [69]
2 Jul 201477948141230511575252101 [70]
17 Jun 201452833739826433249749 [71]
27 May 20143092022811861211165 [72]
12 May 20142601822481711211–– [73] [74]
1 May 20142391602261491311–– [75]
14 Apr 201417611016810882–– [76]
31 Mar 2014130821228082–– [77]
22 Mar 201449294929–––– [78]
Minor Ebola virus outbreaks by country and by date – 30 July 2014 to most recent WHO / Gov update
DateTotal Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Flag of the United States.svg USA Flag of Spain.svg Spain Flag of Mali.svg Mali Flag of the United Kingdom.svg U.K. Flag of Italy.svg Italy Refs
CasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeaths
4 Nov 20153615208104110861010 [note 8] [24]
13 May 20153615208104110861010 [note 9] [79]
29 Dec 201435152081041108610–– [note 10] [45]
14 Dec 2014321520810411066–––– [46]
2 Nov 2014271020810411011–––– [54]
19 Oct 2014259208103110-––––– [56]
12 Oct 2014238208101010-––––– [57]
28 Sep 20142282081010-–-––––– [58]
31 Aug 201422721710––-–-––––– [63]
16 Aug 2014154154––-–-–-––––– [65]
9 Aug 2014132132––-–-––––––– [66]
30 Jul 20143131––––-––––––– [67]

Notes:

  1. ↑ 25 Nov: All governments as per WHO.
  2. ↑ 18 Nov: All governments as per WHO.
  3. ↑ 11 Nov: All governments as per WHO.
  4. ↑ 4 Nov: All governments as per WHO.
  5. ↑ 25 Oct: All governments as per WHO.
  6. ↑ 30 Aug: All governments as per WHO.
  7. ↑ 5 July: All governments as per WHO. Liberia as per situation update
  8. ↑ No chance in Data from 13 May till 4 Nov
  9. ↑ No chance in Data from 29 December till 13 May
  10. ↑ 29 December: All governments as per WHO. United Kingdom case dated 29 December.
  • Date is the "as of" date from the reference. A single source may report statistics for multiple "as of" dates.
  • Total cases and deaths before 1 July 2014 are calculated.
  • Numbers with ≥ may not be consistent due to under reporting.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Guinea</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western African Ebola epidemic</span> 2013–2016 major disease outbreak

The 2013–2016 epidemic of Ebola virus disease, centered in West Africa, was the most widespread outbreak of the disease in history. It caused major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The first cases were recorded in Guinea in December 2013; the disease spread to neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring in Nigeria and Mali. Secondary infections of medical workers occurred in the United States and Spain. Isolated cases were recorded in Senegal, the United Kingdom and Italy. The number of cases peaked in October 2014 and then began to decline gradually, following the commitment of substantial international resources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public health emergency of international concern</span> Formal declaration by the World Health Organization

A public health emergency of international concern is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of "an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response", formulated when a situation arises that is "serious, sudden, unusual, or unexpected", which "carries implications for public health beyond the affected state's national border" and "may require immediate international action". Under the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), states have a legal duty to respond promptly to a PHEIC. The declaration is publicized by an IHR Emergency Committee (EC) of international experts, which was developed following the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola outbreak</span> Disease outbreak in central Africa

In 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) occurred. Genome sequencing has shown that this outbreak was not related to the 2014–15 West Africa Ebola virus epidemic, but was of the same EBOV species. It began in August 2014 and was declared over in November of that year, after 42 days without any new cases. This is the 7th outbreak there, three of which occurred during the period of Zaire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea</span> 2013–2016 disease outbreak in Guinea

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An epidemic of Ebola virus disease occurred in Liberia from 2014 to 2015, along with the neighbouring countries of Guinea and Sierra Leone. The first cases of virus were reported by late March 2014. The Ebola virus, a biosafety level four pathogen, is an RNA virus discovered in 1976.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline</span>

This article covers the timeline of the 2014 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa and its outbreaks elsewhere. Flag icons denote the first announcements of confirmed cases by the respective nation-states, their first deaths, and their first secondary transmissions, as well as relevant sessions and announcements of agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and NGOs such as Doctors Without Borders; medical evacuations, visa restrictions, border closures, quarantines, court rulings, and possible cases of zoonosis are also included.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ebola virus disease in Mali</span>

Ebola virus disease in Mali occurred in October 2014, leading to concern about the possibility of an outbreak of Ebola in Mali. A child was brought from Guinea and died in the northwestern city of Kayes. Mali contact traced over 100 people who had contact with the child; tracing was completed in mid-November with no further cases discovered. In November, a second unrelated outbreak occurred in Mali's capital city, Bamako. Several people at a clinic are thought to have been infected by a man traveling from Guinea. On January 18, Mali was declared Ebola-free after 42 days with no new cases. There had been a cumulative total of eight cases with six deaths.

The following lists events that happened during 2014 in Sierra Leone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ebola in Nigeria</span>

Cases of the Ebola virus disease in Nigeria were reported in 2014 as a small part of the epidemic of Ebola virus disease which originated in Guinea that represented the first outbreak of the disease in a West African country. Previous outbreaks had been confined to countries in Central Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola outbreak</span> Disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

On 11 May 2017, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having one Ebola-related death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Équateur province Ebola outbreak</span> Disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The 2018 Équateur province Ebola outbreak occurred in the north-west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from May to July 2018. It was contained entirely within Équateur province, and was the first time that vaccination with the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine had been attempted in the early stages of an Ebola outbreak, with a total of 3,481 people vaccinated. It was the ninth recorded Ebola outbreak in the DRC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kivu Ebola epidemic</span> Ebola virus outbreak in the eastern DRC from 2018 to 2020

The Kivu Ebola epidemic was an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) mainly in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and in other parts of Central Africa, from 2018 to 2020. Between 1 August 2018 and 25 June 2020 it resulted in 3,470 reported cases. The Kivu outbreak also affected Ituri Province, whose first case was confirmed on 13 August 2018. In November 2018, the outbreak became the biggest Ebola outbreak in the DRC's history, and had become the second-largest Ebola outbreak in recorded history worldwide, behind only the 2013–2016 Western Africa epidemic. In June 2019, the virus reached Uganda, having infected a 5-year-old Congolese boy who entered Uganda with his family, but was contained.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1976 Zaire Ebola virus outbreak</span> Outbreak of Ebola virus disease

In August–November 1976, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurred in Zaire. The first recorded case was from Yambuku, a small village in Mongala District, 1,098 kilometres (682 mi) northeast of the capital city of Kinshasa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 North Kivu Ebola</span> Disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

On 7 February 2021, the Congolese health ministry announced that a new case of Ebola near Butembo, North Kivu had been detected the previous day. The case was a 42-year-old woman who had symptoms of Ebola in Biena on 1 February 2021. A few days after, she died in a hospital in Butembo. The WHO said that more than 70 people who had contact with the woman had been tracked.

References

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Further reading

Resources

  1. ↑ "Disease Outbreak News (DONs)". Global Alert and Response (GAR). WHO. Archived from the original on January 25, 2003. Retrieved 11 April 2015.   This website's content changes frequently.
  2. ↑ "Disease Outbreak News". Regional Office for Africa. WHO. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.   This website's content changes frequently.
  3. ↑ "West and Central Africa". HumanitarianResponse.info. OCHA . Retrieved 11 April 2015.
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