Whitebeam

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Whitebeam
Sorbus aria.jpg
Common whitebeam flowers
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Aria
(Pers.) J.Jacq. ex Host
Synonyms
  • Torminaria(DC.) M.Roem.

The whitebeams are members of the family Rosaceae, comprising the genus Aria. They are deciduous trees with simple or lobed leaves, arranged alternately. They are related to the rowans, and many of the endemic restricted-range apomictic microspecies of whitebeam in Europe are thought to derive from hybrids between the common whitebeam and the European rowan. Some are also thought to be hybrids with the wild service tree, and the service tree of Fontainebleau found in French woodlands.

Contents

The best known species is the common whitebeam, a columnar tree which grows to 25 m (82 ft) tall by 10 m (33 ft) broad, with clusters of white flowers in spring followed by speckled red berries in autumn (fall). [1]

Appearance

The surface of the leaf is an unremarkable mid-green, but the underside is almost white (hence the name) transforming the appearance of the tree in strong winds, as noted by the poet Meredith: "flashing as in gusts the sudden-lighted whitebeam". [2] It is also described as the "wind-beat whitebeam" in Gerard Manley Hopkins' poem "The Starlight Night". [3]

Ecology

The berries are a favourite of birds, though less palatable (drier, less juicy) than rowan berries. Whitebeams are sometimes used as larval food plants by species of Lepidoptera, including the short-cloaked moth.[ citation needed ]

Uses

Cross-section of a whitebeam trunk WhiteBeamBranch.JPG
Cross-section of a whitebeam trunk

These trees are often grown in parks and large gardens. The cultivars A.edulis 'Lutescens' [4] and A.edulis 'Majestica' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [5]

The tough, hard wood is a deep orange when wet, and pale yellow after drying.[ citation needed ]

The fruit (a pome) is edible and is often made into jelly.[ citation needed ]

Taxonomy

The following species are recognised in the genus Aria: [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Sorbus</i> Genus of flowering plants in the rose family Rosaceae

Sorbus is a genus of over 100 species of trees and shrubs in the rose family, Rosaceae. Species of Sorbus (s.l.) are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, mountain-ash and service tree. The exact number of species is disputed depending on the circumscription of the genus, and also due to the number of apomictic microspecies, which some treat as distinct species, but others group in a smaller number of variable species. Recent treatments classify Sorbus in a narrower sense to include only the pinnate leaved species of subgenus Sorbus, raising several of the other subgenera to generic rank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland</span> Learned society

The Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI) is a scientific society for the study of flora, plant distribution and taxonomy relating to Great Britain, Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. The society was founded as the Botanical Society of London in 1836, and became the Botanical Society of the British Isles, eventually changing to its current name in 2013. It includes both professional and amateur members and is the largest organisation devoted to botany in the British Isles. Its history is recounted in David Allen's book The Botanists.

<i>Karpatiosorbus latifolia</i> Species of tree

Karpatiosorbus latifolia is a species of whitebeam that is endemic to the area around Fontainebleau, south of Paris in France, where it has been known since the early eighteenth century.

The Arran whitebeams are species of whitebeam endemic to the island of Arran, Ayrshire, Scotland.

<i>Sorbus anglica</i> Species of whitebeam, the English whitebeam

Sorbus anglica, the English whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam tree in the family Rosaceae. It is uncommonly found in Ireland and the United Kingdom, with an entire British population estimated at about 600 individuals.

<i>Aria eminens</i> Species of flowering plant

Aria eminens, commonly known as the round-leaved whitebeam, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to Great Britain and is threatened by habitat loss.

Karpatiosorbus subcuneata, the Somerset whitebeam, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to coastal north Devon and west Somerset in the United Kingdom. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Aria vexans, commonly known as bloody whitebeam, is a rare species of tree in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to England and is found along the coast between Culbone in Somerset and an area just west of Trentishoe in Devon. It can be seen in the Exmoor National Park. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Aria wilmottiana, commonly known as Willmott's whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to England, and is found in the Avon Gorge, in Somerset and Gloucestershire. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Aria edulis</i> Species of tree, the type species of the whitebeams

Aria edulis, the whitebeam or common whitebeam, is a species of deciduous tree in the family Rosaceae. It is native to most of Europe as well as North Africa and temperate Asia. Typically compact and domed, with few upswept branches and almost-white underside of the leaves, it generally favours dry limestone and chalk soils. The hermaphrodite cream-white flowers appear in May, are insect pollinated, and go on to produce scarlet berries, which are often eaten by birds.

<i>Sorbus <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> hybrida</i> Hybrid species of tree

Sorbus × hybrida, the oakleaf mountain ash, Swedish service-tree or Finnish whitebeam, is a hybrid species of whitebeam native to Norway, eastern Sweden, southwestern Finland, and locally in Latvia.

<i>Karpatiosorbus admonitor</i> Species of whitebeam found in Devon, known as the no-parking whitebeam

Karpatiosorbus admonitor, previously classified as Sorbus admonitor and also called the no parking whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam tree found in Devon, United Kingdom. It is known only from the Watersmeet Valley at Lynton, with two stray plants growing on the coast above Sillery Sands, Countisbury.

Michael Charles Faraday Proctor PhD was an English botanist and plant ecologist, lecturer, scientific author based at the University of Exeter. He retired from his post as Reader in Plant Ecology at Exeter University in 1994.

<i>Torminalis</i> Genus of trees in the rose family Rosaceae

Torminalis is a genus of plants in the rose family Rosaceae. The genus Torminalis was formerly included within the genus Sorbus, as the section Torminaria, but the simple-leafed species traditionally classified in Sorbus are now considered to form a separate monophyletic group. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Torminalis glaberrima, commonly known as wild service tree, chequers, and checker tree. is native to Europe, parts of northern Africa and western Asia.

<i>Aria hibernica</i> Species of plant

Aria hibernica, commonly known as Irish whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam endemic to Ireland. It occurs in most counties, usually as scattered individuals, or in small groups.

Aria porrigentiformis, commonly known as the grey-leafed whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam endemic to England and Wales.

Sorbus scannelliana, Scannell's whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam endemic to Ross Island near Killarney in southwest Ireland. It is one of the rarest tree species in the world; only five individual plants are known.

Aria leighensis, commonly known as Leigh Woods whitebeam, is a rare species of whitebeam, a flowering plant in the|rose family Rosaceae.

<i>Karpatiosorbus</i> Genus of Rosaceae plants

Karpatiosorbus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to Europe, including Crimea, and Algeria. Shrubs or small trees, they appear to have arisen via hybridization events between the clades Aria(Pers.) Host and TorminalisMedik. Many of its species propagate solely by apomixis.

References

  1. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN   978-1405332965.
  2. Meredith, G. (1851). Love in the valley. Line 207. Poems
  3. Hopkins, Gerar Manley (1918). The starlight night. Line 6.
  4. "RHS Plant Selector - Sorbus aria 'Lutescens'" . Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  5. "RHS Plant Selector - Sorbus aria 'Majestica'" . Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  6. "Aria (Pers.) J.Jacq. ex Host | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-09-12.