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Sources
William Shippen, Jr. | |
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![]() painted by Charles Wilson Peale after a portrait by Gilbert Stuart | |
3rd Surgeon General of the United States Army | |
In office 1775–1777 | |
Preceded by | John Morgan |
Succeeded by | John Cochran |
Personal details | |
Born | Philadelphia,Province of Pennsylvania,British America | October 21,1736
Died | July 11,1808 71) Germantown,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,U.S. | (aged
Spouse | Alice Lee |
Children | Anne Hume Shippen |
Parent(s) | William Shippen Sr. Susannah Harrison |
Alma mater | College of New Jersey University of Edinburgh Medical School |
William Shippen Jr. (October 21,1736 –July 11,1808),was the first systematic teacher of anatomy,surgery and obstetrics in Colonial America and founded the first maternity hospital in America. [1] He was the 3rd Director General of Hospitals of the Continental Army. [2]
He was born on October 21,1736,in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. [1] He was the son of William Shippen Sr. (1712–1801),also a doctor,and Susannah (née Harrison) Shippen. His sister,Susan Shippen,was married to Samuel Blair,the second Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives. [3] [4]
He studied with Reverend Samuel Finley at West Nottingham Academy and then attended the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University),graduating in 1754. His valedictory address won praise from Ezra Stiles and George Whitefield. [5]
Shippen studied medicine first with his father,then went to England and Scotland and in 1761 earned his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. [2]
Shippen followed his father William Shippen Sr. into a medical career. At his father's encouragement,William Jr. commenced America's first series of anatomy lectures in 1762. He became one of the first professors (of anatomy,surgery,and midwifery) of America's first medical school (the College of Philadelphia,now the University of Pennsylvania),which he co-founded in 1765 with Dr. John Morgan. At the time,male midwifery was considered "offensive" and people threw stones through the windows of his dissecting rooms and occasionally burst into his rooms in mobs. [2]
Like his father,William Shippen Jr. was elected to the revived American Philosophical Society in 1767,where he served as Curator from 1771 to 1772,and as Secretary from 1772 to 1773. [6]
During the American Revolutionary War,Shippen served as Chief Physician &Director General of the Hospital of the Continental Army in New Jersey (1776) and as Director General of the Hospitals West of the Hudson River (October 1776). Ultimately,he served (April 11,1777 –January 1781) as Director of Hospitals for the Continental Army,a precursor of the Surgeon General of the U.S. Army. Shippen had connived to replace Dr. Morgan,his predecessor in that position. Later Morgan,with the assistance of Dr. Benjamin Rush,brought about his forced resignation. He was subsequently court martialed for misappropriating supplies intended for recovering soldiers and underreporting deaths,but was acquitted on a technicality. [2]
Shippen was among the founders of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and served as its president 1805–1808. [1] He was also a member of the original board of trustees of Old Pine Street Church. [7]
Shippen was married to Alice Lee (1736–1817),the daughter of Thomas Lee and Hannah Harrison Ludwell. They were the parents of Anne Shippen in 1763 who was a noted diarist. [8]
Shippen died on July 11,1808,in Germantown,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.
Dr. Benjamin Rush was an American revolutionary,a Founding Father of the United States and signatory to the U.S. Declaration of Independence,and a civic leader in Philadelphia,where he was a physician,politician,social reformer,humanitarian,educator,and the founder of Dickinson College. Rush was a Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress. He later described his efforts in support of the American Revolution,saying:"He aimed well." He served as surgeon general of the Continental Army and became a professor of chemistry,medical theory,and clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania.
Benjamin Smith Barton was an American botanist,naturalist,and physician. He was one of the first professors of natural history in the United States and built the largest collection of botanical specimens in the country. He wrote the first American textbook on botany.
William Pepper Jr.,was an American physician,medical educator,and the eleventh Provost of the University of Pennsylvania from 1881 to 1894. He was an advocate for the establishment of a university affiliated hospital and led the finance and building committees for the construction of the University of Pennsylvania Hospital in 1874. As provost,he oversaw a major expansion of the University including the construction of 13 campus buildings,the addition of the Wharton School of Business,and eleven new departments. In 1891,he founded the Free Library of Philadelphia.
Adam Kuhn was an American physician and naturalist,and one of the earliest professors of medicine in a North American university.
Caspar Wistar was an American physician and anatomist. He is sometimes referred to as Caspar Wistar the Younger,to distinguish him from his grandfather of the same name. The plant genus Wisteria is named for him.
The Perelman School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania,a private,Ivy League research university located in Philadelphia. Founded in 1765,the Perelman School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in the United States. Today,the Perelman School of Medicine is a major center of biomedical research and education with over 2,900 faculty members and nearly $1 billion in annual sponsored program awards.
William Shippen Sr. was an American physician from Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. He was also a civic and educational leader who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress.
Dr. John Redman was the first president of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia and the medical preceptor of Benjamin Rush.
Thomas Story Kirkbride was a physician,alienist,hospital superintendent for the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital,and primary founder of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII),the organizational precursor to the American Psychiatric Association. Along with Benjamin Rush he is considered to be the father of the modern American practice of psychiatry as a specific medical discipline. His directive and organization of institutions for the insane were the gold-standard of clinical care in psychiatry throughout the 19th century.
John Morgan,"founder of Public Medical Instruction in America," was co-founder of the Medical College at the University of Pennsylvania,the first medical school in Colonial America. He served as the second chief physician and director general of the Continental Army,an early name for the Surgeon General of the United States Army. He was an early member of the American Philosophical Society,elected in 1766,where he served as curator from 1769 to 1770.
Edward Shippen III was an American merchant and mayor of Philadelphia.
Charles McKnight was an American physician during and after the American Revolutionary War. He served as a surgeon and physician in the Hospital Department of the Continental Army under General George Washington and other subordinate commanders. McKnight was one of the most respected surgeons of his day and was remembered by one colleague as "particularly distinguished as a practical surgeon …at the time of his death (he) was without a rival in that branch of his profession."
Thomas Hopkinson was a lawyer,public official,and prominent figure in colonial Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.
John Rhea Barton was an American orthopedic surgeon remembered for describing Barton's fracture.
Horatio Curtis Wood Jr. was an American physician and biologist. Born into a wealthy Pennsylvania family,he attended the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania,and after serving as a surgeon in the American Civil War,continued to teach at the University. A member of the National Academy of Sciences,he was known for his 1874 text Treatise on Therapeutics,which became a widely used medical textbook,and also for his botanical and zoological work:writing on freshwater algae,fossil plants,arachnids,and myriapods.
John Conrad Otto was a United States physician.
William Brown was a physician,and a member of the American Philosophical Society,elected in 1780.
Samuel Powel Griffitts was an American physician,widely regarded as the founder,in 1786,of the Philadelphia Dispensary. He was an early member of the American Philosophical Society,elected in 1785.
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