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In music, just intonation or pure intonation is the tuning of musical intervals as whole number ratios of frequencies. An interval tuned in this way is said to be pure, and is called a just interval. Just intervals consist of tones from a single harmonic series of an implied fundamental. For example, in the diagram, if the notes G3 and C4 are tuned as members of the harmonic series of the lowest C, their frequencies will be 3 and 4 times the fundamental frequency. The interval ratio between C4 and G3 is therefore 4:3, a just fourth.
In musical notation, an accidental is a symbol that indicates an alteration of a given pitch. The most common accidentals are the flat and the sharp, which represent alterations of a semitone, and the natural, which cancels a sharp or flat. Accidentals alter the pitch of individual scale tones in a given key signature; the sharps or flats in the key signature itself are not considered accidentals.
In music theory, a comma is a very small interval, the difference resulting from tuning one note two different ways. Strictly speaking, there are only two kinds of comma, the syntonic comma, "the difference between a just major 3rd and four just perfect 5ths less two octaves", and the Pythagorean comma, "the difference between twelve 5ths and seven octaves". The word comma used without qualification refers to the syntonic comma, which can be defined, for instance, as the difference between an F♯ tuned using the D-based Pythagorean tuning system, and another F♯ tuned using the D-based quarter-comma meantone tuning system. Intervals separated by the ratio 81:80 are considered the same note because the 12-note Western chromatic scale does not distinguish Pythagorean intervals from 5-limit intervals in its notation. Other intervals are considered commas because of the enharmonic equivalences of a tuning system. For example, in 53TET, B♭ and A♯ are both approximated by the same interval although they are a septimal kleisma apart.
Johannes Wolfgang Zender was a German conductor and composer. He was the chief conductor of several opera houses, and his compositions, many of them vocal music, have been performed at international festivals.
Manfred Stahnke is a German composer and musicologist from Hamburg. He writes chamber music, orchestral music and stage music. His music makes extensive use of microtonality. He plays piano and viola.
Jörn Arnecke is a German composer. Arnecke is the professor of music theory, aural training, and historical music theory at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt, Weimar.
Marc Sabat is a Canadian composer based in Berlin, Germany, since 1999.
Max Beckschäfer is a German organist, composer and academic who taught at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München and the Hochschule für Musik Augsburg-Nürnberg. He received commissions from the Munich Biennale, the concert series Klangspuren, the Dresdner Kreuzchor, the Palucca-Ballettschule Dresden and Die Singphoniker. He wrote an organ version of Reger's Hebbel-Requiem.
Jan Müller-Wieland is a German composer and conductor of classical music and an academic teacher. He is known for his operas.
André Werner is a German composer of classical music.
Enno Poppe is a German composer and conductor of classical music, and an academic teacher.
Márton Illés, is a Hungarian composer and pianist.
Arnulf Herrmann is a German composer.
Reinhard Febel is a German composer, notable for his operas. He is also a music theorist and a university professor at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover and the Mozarteum.
Lin Wang, is a Chinese composer. Lin Wang was born in Dalian, China, in 1976.
Gordon Kampe is a German composer and academic teacher.
Hans-Christian von Dadelsen is a German composer and music writer. He is the son of the musicologist Georg von Dadelsen and journalist Dorothee von Dadelsen.
Manos Tsangaris is a German composer, musician, sound art installation and performance artist, and a poet.
Birke Jasmin Bertelsmeier is a German composer.
References
- ↑ List of award winners, Villa Massimo.
- ↑ Archive notes to second biennale, 1990, Munich Biennale.
- ↑ "Wolfgang von Schweinitz Bio 2008". www.plainsound.org. Retrieved 2019-03-18.
- ↑ Sabat, Marc (2005). "The Extended Helmholtz-Ellis JI Pitch Notation" (PDF).
