| Yersinia mollaretii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Enterobacterales |
| Family: | Yersiniaceae |
| Genus: | Yersinia |
| Species: | Y. mollaretii |
| Binomial name | |
| Yersinia mollaretii Wauters et al. 1988 | |
Yersinia mollaretii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria. [1] The species is named after Henri Mollaret, the former head of the National Yersinia Center at Institut Pasteur. [2]
Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium, without spores that is related to both Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica. It is a facultative anaerobic organism that can infect humans via the Oriental rat flea. It causes the disease plague, which caused the First plague pandemic and the Black Death, the deadliest pandemic in recorded history. Plague takes three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic.
Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae. Yersinia species are Gram-negative, coccobacilli bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes. Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestis is the causative agent of the plague. Rodents are the natural reservoirs of Yersinia; less frequently, other mammals serve as the host. Infection may occur either through blood or in an alimentary fashion, occasionally via consumption of food products contaminated with infected urine or feces.
In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signalling (QS) is the ability to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation. As one example, QS enables bacteria to restrict the expression of specific genes to the high cell densities at which the resulting phenotypes will be most beneficial. Many species of bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population. In a similar fashion, some social insects use quorum sensing to determine where to nest. Quorum sensing may also be useful for cancer cell communications.
Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative, bacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Yersiniaceae. It is motile at temperatures of 22–29°C (72–84°F), but becomes nonmotile at normal human body temperature. Y. enterocolitica infection causes the disease yersiniosis, which is an animal-borne disease occurring in humans, as well as in a wide array of animals such as cattle, deer, pigs, and birds. Many of these animals recover from the disease and become carriers; these are potential sources of contagion despite showing no signs of disease. The bacterium infects the host by sticking to its cells using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.
Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Yersinia. In the United States, most yersiniosis infections among humans are caused by Yersinia enterocolitica.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Far East scarlet-like fever in humans, who occasionally get infected zoonotically, most often through the food-borne route. Animals are also infected by Y. pseudotuberculosis. The bacterium is urease positive.
In molecular biology, YadA is a protein domain which is short for Yersinia adhesin A. These proteins have strong sequence and structural homology, particularly at their C-terminal end. The function is to promote their pathogenicity and virulence in host cells, though cell adhesion. YadA is found in three pathogenic species of Yersinia, Y. pestis,Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica. The YadA domain is encoded for by a virulence plasmid in Yersinia, which encodes a type-III secretion (T3S) system consisting of the Ysc injectisome and the Yop effectors.
Yersinia frederiksenii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria. It uses rhamnose and sucrose. Its type strain is strain 6175. In humans, it can cause gastrointestinal infections, while it has also been found in fish.
Yersinia kristensenii is a species of bacteria. It is Gram-negative and its type strain is 105. It is potentially infectious to mice. It secretes a bacteriocin that targets related species.
Yersinia intermedia is a Gram-negative species of bacteria which uses rhamnose, melibiose, and raffinose. Its type strain is strain 3953. It has been found in fish, and contains several biotypes. It is not considered of clinical relevance, being isolated from humans in a routine manner.
Yersinia aldovae is a species of bacteria that was originally described as Group X2 Yersinia enterocolitica. Its type strain is CNY 6005. Y. aldovae has been isolated from aquatic environments and soil, but it has not been associated with animal or human illnesses.
Afipia clevelandensis is a species of the Afipia bacterial genus. It is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-fermentative rod in the alpha-2 subgroup of the class Proteobacteria. It is motile by means of a single flagellum.
Yersinia ruckeri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, known for causing enteric redmouth disease in some species of fish. Strain 2396-61 is its type strain.
Pasteurella lymphangitidis is a bacterium; it causes bovine lymphangitis. Its reclassification to Yersinia has been proposed, given it poses a 99% sequence similarity to both Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis.
Yersinia bercovieri is a Gram-negative species of enteric bacteria.
Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria. The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli. Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis. This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C. Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae. The first species was described by Juni and Heym. Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats, but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.
Daniel A. Portnoy is a microbiologist, the Edward E. Penhoet Distinguished Chair in Global Public Health and Infectious Diseases, and a Professor of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and in the Division of Microbiology in the Department of Plant and Microbial Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is one of the world's foremost experts on Listeria monocytogenes, the bacterium that causes the severe foodborne illness Listeriosis. He has made seminal contributions to multiple aspects of bacterial pathogenesis, cell biology, innate immunity, and cell mediated immunity using L. monocytogenes as a model system and has helped to push forward the use of attenuated L. monocytogenes as an immunotherapeutic tool in the treatment of cancer.
Yersinia hibernica is a species of Yersinia that was originally isolated in a pig-production environment. The type strain is CFS1934. This species has previously been misidentified as Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia kristensenii but it may be distinguished biochemically by lack of sucrose utilization. In addition to pig related environments, Y. hibernica has also been isolated from the feces of Rattus norvegicus and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris.
Yersinia rohdei is a Gram-negative species of Yersinia that was originally isolated from the feces of humans and dogs in addition to water surfaces. The type strain is ATCC 43380. Y. rohdei strains have also been isolated from reindeer and kelp gull from the sub-Antarctica South Georgia island.
Yersinia similis is a Gram-negative bacteria species of Yersinia that resembles Yersinia pseudotuberculosis phenotypically but differs on the basis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. The type strain Y228 was originally isolated from a rabbit in Germany.
