1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

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1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
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←  1980 November 2, 1982 1984  →
All 27 Texas seats to the United States House of Representatives
 Majority partyMinority party
 
Party Democratic Republican
Last election195
Seats won225
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 3Steady2.svg
Popular vote1,847,045934,863
Percentage64.8%32.8%
SwingIncrease2.svg 5.7%Decrease2.svg 6.7%
1982 Texas US House.svg

The 1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas occurred on November 2, 1982, to elect the members of the state of Texas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Texas had twenty-seven seats in the House, up three from the 1970s, apportioned according to the 1980 United States census. [1]

Contents

Due to the Texas' divided government, considerable challenge was foreseen in the state's decennial redistricting process. The process attracted the attention of many prominent members of the U.S. House. [2] The Texas Legislature failed to adopt new congressional districts during the regular legislative session in 1981 due to conflict between liberal and conservative Texas Democrats. During a special session in 1981, conservative Democrats voted with Republicans on a plan supported by Republican governor Bill Clements. Most contentious during this session was the transfer of African-American voting precincts from District 5 to District 24 in the Dallas area. Though Republicans supported the establishment of the minority opportunity district, it was seen by many Democrats as a tactical political move to increase the Republican lean of the 5th District. [3] [4]

The adopted congressional districts were challenged by the U.S. Department of Justice in a District Court in Upham v. Seamon. Under preclearance established by Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, they asserted that the boundaries of District 15 and District 27 were racially gerrymandered. The court ruled in favor of the Department of Justice, and it drew its own map, which established two districts in Dallas County where African-Americans made up a substantial proportion of the voting-age population. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, and it remanded the case back to the District Court, but the ruling was made so close to the May primary election that the District Court's maps were allowed to stand for the 1982 elections. [5] [6]

These elections occurred simultaneously with the United States Senate elections of 1982, the United States House elections in other states, and various state and local elections.

Although Republicans were expected to gain seats in Texas's congressional delegation, [3] Democrats maintained their majority of seats, winning all three of the new seats Texas gained in the 1980 United States census. [7]

Overview

1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas [8]
PartyVotesPercentageSeats beforeSeats after+/–
Democratic 1,847,04564.83%1922+3
Republican 934,86332.81%55-
Libertarian 57,9982.04%00-
Citizens 5,9330.21%00-
Independent 3,1920.11%00-
Totals100.00%2427-

Congressional districts

District 1

Incumbent Democrat Sam B. Hall ran for re-election.

Texas's 1st congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sam B. Hall (incumbent) 100,685 97.48
Libertarian John Traylor2,5982.52
Total votes103,283 100
Democratic hold

District 2

Incumbent Democrat Charlie Wilson ran for re-election.

Texas's 2nd congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Charlie Wilson (incumbent) 91,762 94.26
Libertarian Ed Richbourg5,5845.74
Total votes97,346 100
Democratic hold

District 3

Incumbent Republican James M. Collins retired to run for U.S. Senator. [9]

Texas's 3rd congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Steve Bartlett 99,852 77.09
Democratic Jim McNees28,22321.79
Libertarian Jerry Williamson1,4531.12
Total votes129,528 100
Republican hold

District 4

Incumbent Democrat Ralph Hall ran for re-election.

Texas's 4th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Ralph Hall (incumbent) 94,134 73.83
Republican Pete Collumb32,22125.27
Libertarian Bruce Iiams1,1410.89
Total votes127,496 100
Democratic hold

District 5

Incumbent Democrat Jim Mattox retired to run for Attorney General. [10]

Texas's 5th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic John Wiley Bryant 52,214 64.84
Republican Joe Devany27,12133.68
Libertarian Richard Squire7320.91
Citizens John Richard Bridges4590.57
Write-in Others40.00
Total votes80,530 100
Democratic hold

District 6

Incumbent Democrat Phil Gramm ran for re-election.

Texas's 6th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Phil Gramm (incumbent) 91,546 94.54
Libertarian Ron Hard5,2885.46
Total votes96,834 100
Democratic hold

District 7

Incumbent Republican Bill Archer ran for re-election.

Texas's 7th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Bill Archer (incumbent) 108,718 84.99
Democratic Dennis Scoggins17,86613.97
Libertarian Bill Ware1,3381.05
Total votes127,922 100
Republican hold

District 8

Incumbent Republican Jack Fields ran for re-election.

Texas's 8th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Jack Fields (incumbent) 50,630 56.75
Democratic Henry Allee38,04142.64
Libertarian Mike Angwin5470.61
Total votes89,218 100
Republican hold

District 9

Incumbent Democrat Jack Brooks ran for re-election.

Texas's 9th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Jack Brooks (incumbent) 78,965 67.55
Republican John Lewis35,42230.30
Libertarian Dean Allen2,5102.15
Total votes116,897 100
Democratic hold

District 10

Incumbent Democrat J. J. Pickle ran for re-election.

Texas's 10th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic J. J. Pickle (incumbent) 121,030 90.14
Libertarian William Kelsey8,7356.51
Citizens Bradley Louis Rockwell4,5113.36
Total votes134,276 100
Democratic hold

District 11

Incumbent Democrat Marvin Leath ran for re-election.

Texas's 11th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Marvin Leath (incumbent) 83,236 96.34
Libertarian Thomas Kilbride3,1363.63
Write-in Others230.03
Total votes86,395 100
Democratic hold

District 12

Incumbent Democrat Jim Wright ran for re-election.

Texas's 12th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Jim Wright (incumbent) 78,913 68.90
Republican Jim Ryan34,87930.45
Libertarian Edward Olson7430.65
Total votes114,535 100
Democratic hold

District 13

Incumbent Democrat Jack Hightower ran for re-election.

Texas's 13th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Jack Hightower (incumbent) 86,376 63.60
Republican Ron Solver47,87735.25
Libertarian Rod Collier1,5671.15
Total votes135,820 100
Democratic hold

District 14

Incumbent Democrat Bill Patman ran for re-election. Former representative Joseph Wyatt, who retired in 1980, [11] challenged Patman, having switched his party affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party. [12]

Texas's 14th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Bill Patman (incumbent) 76,851 60.65
Republican Joseph Wyatt 48,94238.62
Libertarian Glenn Rasmussen9190.73
Total votes126,712 100
Democratic hold

District 15

Incumbent Democrat Kika de la Garza ran for re-election.

Texas's 15th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kika de la Garza (incumbent) 76,544 95.68
Libertarian Frank Jones3,4584.32
Total votes80,002 100
Democratic hold

District 16

Incumbent Democrat Richard Crawford White opted to retire rather than run for re-election. [13]

Texas's 16th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Ronald D. Coleman 44,024 53.90
Republican Pat Haggerty36,06444.16
Libertarian Catherine McDivitt1,5831.94
Total votes81,671 100
Democratic hold

District 17

Incumbent Democrat Charles Stenholm ran for re-election.

Texas's 17th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Charles Stenholm (incumbent) 109,359 97.10
Libertarian James Cooley3,2712.90
Total votes112,630 100
Democratic hold

District 18

Incumbent Democrat Mickey Leland ran for re-election.

Texas's 18th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Mickey Leland (incumbent) 68,014 82.61
Republican C. Leon Pickett12,10414.70
Libertarian Thomas Bernhardt2,2152.69
Write-in Others20.00
Total votes82,335 100
Democratic hold

District 19

Incumbent Democrat Kent Hance ran for re-election.

Texas's 19th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kent Hance (incumbent) 89,702 81.57
Republican E. L. Hicks19,06217.33
Libertarian Mike Read1,2061.10
Total votes109,970 100
Democratic hold

District 20

Incumbent Democrat Henry B. González ran for re-election.

Texas's 20th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Henry B. Gonzalez (incumbent) 68,544 91.48
Libertarian Roger Gary4,1635.56
Independent Benedict La Rosa2,2132.95
Write-in Others40.01
Total votes74,924 100
Democratic hold

District 21

Incumbent Republican Tom Loeffler ran for re-election.

Texas's 21st congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Tom Loeffler (incumbent) 106,515 74.55
Democratic Charles Stough35,11224.58
Libertarian Jeffrey Brown1,2430.87
Write-in Others20.00
Total votes142,872 100
Republican hold

District 22

Incumbent Republican Ron Paul ran for re-election.

Texas's 22nd congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Ron Paul (incumbent) 66,536 98.60
Write-in Nick Benton9431.40
Total votes67,479 100
Republican hold

District 23

Incumbent Democrat Abraham Kazen ran for re-election.

Texas's 23rd congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Abraham Kazen (incumbent) 51,690 55.27
Republican Jeff Wentworth41,36344.23
Libertarian Parker Abell4750.51
Total votes93,528 100
Democratic hold

District 24

Incumbent Democrat Martin Frost ran for re-election. Under the legislature's initial redistricting plan, this district was slated to become a minority-majority district. Democratic former Dallas city councilwoman Lucy Patterson, an African-American woman, had announced her intention to challenge Frost in the Democratic primary. After the district's boundaries were changed by federal courts to return the district to having a majority-white population, Patterson switched parties and ran in the general election as a Republican. [14]

Texas's 24th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Martin Frost (incumbent) 63,857 72.85
Republican Lucy Patterson 22,79826.01
Libertarian David Guier9981.14
Total votes87,653 100
Democratic hold

District 25

District 25 was created as a result of redistricting after the 1980 census. The district was located in southern Harris County.

Texas's 25th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Michael A. Andrews 63,974 60.40
Republican Mike Faubion40,11237.87
Citizens Barbara Coldiron9630.91
Libertarian Jeff Calvert8640.82
Write-in Others10.00
Total votes105,914 100
Democratic win (new seat)

District 26

District 26 was created as a result of redistricting after the 1980 census. Both political parties heavily lobbied former Arlington mayor Tom Vandergriff to run for the seat on their respective tickets. [15] Vandergriff eventually chose to run as a Democrat. The district's lines had been drawn to favor Republicans; it would have given Ronald Reagan 67 percent of the vote had it existed in 1980. [16]

Texas's 26th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Tom Vandergriff 69,782 50.12
Republican Jim Bradshaw69,43849.88
Total votes139,220 100
Democratic win (new seat)

District 27

District 27 was created as a result of redistricting after the 1980 census. The district was located in South Texas and was 53 percent Hispanic while the neighboring 15th District was 80 percent Hispanic in the plan passed by the Texas Legislature. The U.S. Department of Justice successfully argued that this was a racial gerrymander that diluted Hispanic voting power, and a District Court redrew the districts to more equally reflect Hispanic voting strength in the region. [4]

Texas's 27th congressional district, 1982 [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Solomon Ortiz 66,604 64.02
Republican Jason Luby35,20933.84
Libertarian Steven Roberts2,2312.14
Total votes104,044 100
Democratic win (new seat)

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References

  1. ↑ "Historical Apportionment Data (1910-2020)". Census.gov. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  2. ↑ "States draw new House districts with slow hand". Christian Science Monitor. July 17, 1981. ISSN   0882-7729 . Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  3. 1 2 Clymer, Adam (July 23, 1981). "Republicans Dividing and Conquering in Redistricting in Texas". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  4. 1 2 Aguilar, Javier (1998). "Congressional Redistricting in Texas: Time for a Change" (PDF). Stetson Law Review. XXVII: 793–797.
  5. ↑ "Upham v. Seamon, 456 U.S. 37 (1982)". Justia Law. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  6. ↑ "History". redistricting.capitol.texas.gov. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  7. ↑ Texas State Historical Association (1983). "Texas Almanac, 1984-1985". The Portal to Texas History. The Dallas Morning News. pp. 570–572. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Ladd, Thomas; Guthrie, Benjamin (May 5, 1983). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1982": 39–41.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ↑ Cullum, Lee (August 1982). "Jim Collins: Never Underestimate Him". D Magazine. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  10. ↑ "Lawman's Race -In Texas Goes -To Rep. Mattox 6 Dallas, June 5 (UPI)_Texans voted in primary runoffs today to choose Democratic nominees in four statewide races and half a dozen congressional districts". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  11. ↑ "Texas Almanac, 1982-1983". The Portal to Texas History. The Dallas Morning News. 1981. p. 491. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  12. ↑ Clymer, Adam (October 4, 1982). "Republican Candidates for House Focus on Local Issues". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  13. ↑ "US Congress Rep. Richard C. White (D) | TrackBill". trackbill.com. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  14. ↑ Murchison, William; Clements, William (1982). Judicial Politics Gone Wild: A Case Study of Judicial Activism in Texas. Washington Legal Foundation. pp. 2, 10.
  15. ↑ Smith, Jack (September 10, 1982). "Democrat says GOP sought him". Fort Worth Star-Telegram .
  16. ↑ Smith, Hedrick (October 20, 1982). "Some GOP Candidate in the Sun Belt gamble on President's coattails". New York Times .
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