Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all time and among the most influential scientists. He was a key figure in the philosophical revolution known as the Enlightenment. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus.
Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, is the birthplace and was the family home of Sir Isaac Newton. He was born there on 25 December 1642. At that time, it was a yeoman's farmstead, principally rearing sheep.
Brogdale is a hamlet in Kent, England, immediately south of the M2 motorway, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Faversham. It is one of several hamlets making up the civil parish of Ospringe and is in the Borough of Swale. Its western half is in the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
'Ralls Janet' is an apple cultivar that is also known by many other names. It has been used extensively in modern apple breeding, and has several commercially important offspring. It was grown at Monticello by Thomas Jefferson.
The Cornish Gilliflower is a cultivar of apple.
Ashmead's Kernel is a triploid cultivar of apple. Traditionally, Ashmead's Kernel was thought to be diploid but a poor pollinator.
Belle de Boskoop is an apple cultivar which originated in Boskoop, Netherlands, where it began as a chance seedling in 1856. Variants include Boskoop red, yellow and green. This rustic apple is firm, tart and fragrant. Greenish-gray tinged with red, the apple stands up well to cooking. Generally Boskoop varieties are very high in acid content and can contain more than four times the vitamin C of Granny Smith or Golden Delicious.
'Brown Snout' is a 19th-century cultivar of cider apple originating in Herefordshire in the United Kingdom, though now grown in other counties and parts of the world.
The Foxwhelp is a very old cider apple cultivar, originating in the west Midlands of England.
Malus domestica Newton Wonder is a cultivar of apple which is usually eaten cooked due to its sourness. The variety has a similar but slightly sweeter taste than the Bramley apple and is usually used in pies or as a preserve.
Bismarck is an apple cultivar. The fruit from the tree is used for cooking due to its sharp flavour and is most commonly pureed when cooking.
Chelmsford Wonder is a cooking apple cultivar.
'Worcester Pearmain' is an early season English cultivar of domesticated apple, that was developed in Worcester, England, by a Mr. Hale of Swanpool in 1874. It was once the most popular cultivar in England for early autumn harvest and is still popular to keep in the garden. It has been extensively used in apple breeding.
'Allington Pippin' is an English cultivar of domesticated apple, with a strong flavour that includes hints of pineapple.
Winston is an English cultivar of domesticated apple which was first named Winter King because of its availability in the winter, but was renamed as Winston in 1944 or in 1945, after Winston Churchill.
Wolf River is an American cultivar of domesticated apple, which originates from the shores of the Wolf River of Wisconsin, in the United States of America, known since 1875. The tree is exceptionally frost hardy and generally disease resistant, and thus keeps well in storage. The fruit usually ripens mid-September to early October. It is large, commonly weighing over a pound, and fairly sweet with a distinctive red and yellow appearance. It has many culinary uses, as it keeps its shape well when cooked.
The Cambrian Journal contains a list of names for about 200 Welsh apples, the majority of which were from the Monmouth area.
Crimson King, also known as John Toucher's or the Bewley Down Pippin, is a traditional cider apple cultivar originating in Somerset.
Cornish Aromatic is an apple cultivar with a crisp, nut-like aromatic flavour that was first recorded in Cornwall in 1813.
Yarlington Mill is a traditional cider apple cultivar originating from the village of Yarlington, in the North Cadbury area of Somerset, England.
