| Original author(s) | Peter Eastman |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Stanford University Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Pompeu Fabra University National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
| Initial release | January 20, 2010 [1] |
| Stable release | 8.0.0 / 30 January 2023 [2] |
| Written in | C++, C, CUDA, Python |
| Operating system | Linux, macOS, Windows |
| Platform | Many |
| Available in | English |
| Type | Molecular dynamics |
| License | MIT License LGPL |
| Website | www |
OpenMM is a library for performing molecular dynamics simulations on a wide variety of hardware architectures. First released in January 2010, [1] it was written by Peter Eastman at the Vijay S. Pande lab at Stanford University. It is notable for its implementation in the Folding@home project's core22 kernel. Core22, also developed at the Pande lab, uses OpenMM to perform protein dynamics simulations on GPUs via CUDA and OpenCL. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a peak of 280,000 GPUs were estimated to be running OpenMM via core22. [3]
OpenMM has a C++ API as well as a Python wrapper. Developers are able to customize force fields as well as integrators for low-level simulation control. Users who only require high-level control of their simulations can use built-in force fields (consisting of many commonly used force fields) and built in integrators like Langevin, Verlet, Nosé–Hoover, and Brownian.
Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for analyzing the physical movements of atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a fixed period of time, giving a view of the dynamic "evolution" of the system. In the most common version, the trajectories of atoms and molecules are determined by numerically solving Newton's equations of motion for a system of interacting particles, where forces between the particles and their potential energies are often calculated using interatomic potentials or molecular mechanical force fields. The method is applied mostly in chemical physics, materials science, and biophysics.
GROMACS is a molecular dynamics package mainly designed for simulations of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It was originally developed in the Biophysical Chemistry department of University of Groningen, and is now maintained by contributors in universities and research centers worldwide. GROMACS is one of the fastest and most popular software packages available, and can run on central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). It is free, open-source software released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), and starting with version 4.6, the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Nanoscale Molecular Dynamics is computer software for molecular dynamics simulation, written using the Charm++ parallel programming model. It is noted for its parallel efficiency and is often used to simulate large systems. It has been developed by the collaboration of the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group (TCB) and the Parallel Programming Laboratory (PPL) at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign.
Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) is a family of force fields for molecular dynamics of biomolecules originally developed by Peter Kollman's group at the University of California, San Francisco.
Folding@home is a distributed computing project aimed to help scientists develop new therapeutics for a variety of diseases by the means of simulating protein dynamics. This includes the process of protein folding and the movements of proteins, and is reliant on simulations run on volunteers' personal computers. Folding@home is currently based at the University of Pennsylvania and led by Greg Bowman, a former student of Vijay Pande.
Molecular mechanics uses classical mechanics to model molecular systems. The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is assumed valid and the potential energy of all systems is calculated as a function of the nuclear coordinates using force fields. Molecular mechanics can be used to study molecule systems ranging in size and complexity from small to large biological systems or material assemblies with many thousands to millions of atoms.
Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. The methods are used in the fields of computational chemistry, drug design, computational biology and materials science to study molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies. The simplest calculations can be performed by hand, but inevitably computers are required to perform molecular modelling of any reasonably sized system. The common feature of molecular modelling methods is the atomistic level description of the molecular systems. This may include treating atoms as the smallest individual unit, or explicitly modelling protons and neutrons with its quarks, anti-quarks and gluons and electrons with its photons.
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU), which typically handles computation only for computer graphics, to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the central processing unit (CPU). The use of multiple video cards in one computer, or large numbers of graphics chips, further parallelizes the already parallel nature of graphics processing.
Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) is a molecular dynamics program from Sandia National Laboratories. LAMMPS makes use of Message Passing Interface (MPI) for parallel communication and is free and open-source software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Tinker, previously stylized as TINKER, is a suite of computer software applications for molecular dynamics simulation. The codes provide a complete and general set of tools for molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics, with some special features for biomolecules. The core of the software is a modular set of callable routines which allow manipulating coordinates and evaluating potential energy and derivatives via straightforward means.
Data parallelism is parallelization across multiple processors in parallel computing environments. It focuses on distributing the data across different nodes, which operate on the data in parallel. It can be applied on regular data structures like arrays and matrices by working on each element in parallel. It contrasts to task parallelism as another form of parallelism.
This is a list of computer programs that are predominantly used for molecular mechanics calculations.
Molecular design software is notable software for molecular modeling, that provides special support for developing molecular models de novo.
Molecular modeling on GPU is the technique of using a graphics processing unit (GPU) for molecular simulations.
Desmond is a software package developed at D. E. Shaw Research to perform high-speed molecular dynamics simulations of biological systems on conventional computer clusters. The code uses novel parallel algorithms and numerical methods to achieve high performance on platforms containing multiple processors, but may also be executed on a single computer.
This is a list of notable computer programs that are used for nucleic acids simulations.
Abalone is a general purpose molecular dynamics and molecular graphics program for simulations of bio-molecules in a periodic boundary conditions in explicit or in implicit water models. Mainly designed to simulate the protein folding and DNA-ligand complexes in AMBER force field.
