INSL3

Last updated
INSL3
Protein INSL3 PDB 2h8b.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases INSL3 , RLF, RLNL, ley-I-L, insulin like 3
External IDs OMIM: 146738 MGI: 108427 HomoloGene: 4048 GeneCards: INSL3
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005543
NM_001265587

NM_013564

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001252516
NP_005534

NP_038592

Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 17.82 – 17.82 Mb Chr 8: 72.14 – 72.14 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Insulin-like 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSL3 gene. [5] [6]

Contents

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is an insulin like hormone produced mainly in gonadal tissues in males and females. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this gene may be involved in the development of urogenital tract and female fertility. INSL-3 initiates meiotic progression in follicle-enclosed oocytes by mediating a reduction in intra-oocyte cAMP concentration by activating leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 8 (LGR8). [7] It may also act as a hormone to regulate growth and differentiation of gubernaculum, and thus mediating intra-abdominal testicular descent. The mutations in this gene may lead to, but not a frequent cause of, cryptorchidism. [6]

Related Research Articles

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumour formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signalling: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), and receptors. Disrupted JAK-STAT signalling may lead to a variety of diseases, such as skin conditions, cancers, and disorders affecting the immune system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Relaxin</span> Protein hormone

Relaxin is a protein hormone of about 6000 Da, first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common gamma chain</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

The common gamma chainc), also known as interleukin-2 receptor subunit gamma or IL-2RG, is a cytokine receptor sub-unit that is common to the receptor complexes for at least six different interleukin receptors: IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and interleukin-21 receptor. The γc glycoprotein is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family expressed on most lymphocyte populations, and its gene is found on the X-chromosome of mammals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor</span> Transmembrane receptor found in humans

The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), also lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LCGR) or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), is a transmembrane receptor found predominantly in the ovary and testis, but also many extragonadal organs such as the uterus and breasts. The receptor interacts with both luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropins and represents a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Its activation is necessary for the hormonal functioning during reproduction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrosine kinase 2</span> Enzyme and coding gene in humans

Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Janus kinase 3</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 is a tyrosine kinase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the JAK3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Janus kinase 2</span> Non-receptor tyrosine kinase and coding gene in humans

Janus kinase 2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. It is a member of the Janus kinase family and has been implicated in signaling by members of the type II cytokine receptor family, the GM-CSF receptor family, the gp130 receptor family, and the single chain receptors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Janus kinase 1</span>

JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II cytokines. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family, the IL-4 receptor family, the gp130 receptor family. It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine receptors. Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling. Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to escape their tumor and metastasize to other parts of the body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain also known as T-cell receptor T3 zeta chain or CD247 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD247 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3, also known as RXFP3, is a human G-protein coupled receptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1, also known as RXFP1, is a human G protein coupled receptor that is one of the relaxin receptors. It is a rhodopsin-like GPCR which is unusual in this class as it contains a large extracellular binding and signalling domain. Some reports suggest that RXFP1 forms homodimers, however the most recent evidence indicates that relaxin binds a non-homodimer of RXFP1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2, also known as RXFP2, is a human G-protein coupled receptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EIF2S1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (eIF2α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2S1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SH2B2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

SH2B adapter protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH2B2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family</span> Group of proteins

The insulin/IGF/relaxin family is a group of evolutionary related proteins which possess a variety of hormonal activities. Family members in human include two subfamilies:

A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, is a type of immune modulating medication, which inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in lymphocytes.

JAK3 deficiency is a dysfunction in cytokine receptor signalling and their production of cytokines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TTC7A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC7A gene.

The NR4A1 gene is a transcription factor important in the development of cells that secrete the hormone insulin-like 3 (INSL3). In general, the NR4A gene family regulates cell growth and differentiation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neohormone</span>

Neohormones are a group of recently evolved hormones primarily associated to the success of mammalian development. These hormones are specific to mammals and are not found in other vertebrates—this is because neohormones are evolved to enhance specific mammalian functions. In males, neohormones play important roles in regulating testicular descent and preparing the sperm for internal fertilisation. In females, neohormones are essential for regulating early pregnancy, mammary gland development lactation, and viviparity. Neohormones superimpose their actions on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are not associated with other core bodily functions.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000248099 Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000079019 Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Burkhardt E, Adham IM, Brosig B, Gastmann A, Mattei MG, Engel W (March 1994). "Structural organization of the porcine and human genes coding for a Leydig cell-specific insulin-like peptide (LEY I-L) and chromosomal localization of the human gene (INSL3)". Genomics. 20 (1): 13–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1121. PMID   8020942.
  6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: INSL3 insulin-like 3 (Leydig cell)".
  7. Richard FJ (March 2007). "Regulation of meiotic maturation". Journal of Animal Science. 85 (13 Suppl): E4-6. doi:10.2527/jas.2006-475. PMID   17040950.

Further reading