SEMA4D

SEMA4D
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1OLZ, 3OL2
Identifiers
Aliases	SEMA4D , C9orf164, CD100, M-sema-G, SEMAJ, coll-4, semaphorin 4D, COLL4, A8, GR3, BB18
External IDs	OMIM: 601866 MGI: 109244 HomoloGene: 21282 GeneCards: SEMA4D
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) [1] Band 9q22.2 Start 89,360,787 bp [1] End 89,498,130 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 13 (mouse) [2] Band 13|13 A5 Start 51,685,529 bp [2] End 51,793,747 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in corpus callosum blood monocyte inferior ganglion of vagus nerve lymph node internal globus pallidus substantia nigra spleen gastrocnemius muscle subthalamic nucleus Top expressed in thymus cumulus cell blood spleen submandibular gland proximal tubule molar corpus callosum cerebellar cortex kidney More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signaling receptor binding transmembrane signaling receptor activity protein binding semaphorin receptor binding neuropilin binding identical protein binding signaling receptor activity chemorepellent activity Cellular component integral component of membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane plasma membrane extracellular space Biological process regulation of dendrite morphogenesis negative regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling multicellular organism development leukocyte aggregation nervous system development negative regulation of cell adhesion positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation positive regulation of axonogenesis semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in bone trabecula morphogenesis regulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation positive regulation of collateral sprouting regulation of cell shape negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation cell differentiation positive regulation of protein phosphorylation semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway cell adhesion immune response ossification involved in bone maturation positive regulation of cell migration negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of GTPase activity negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity negative chemotaxis neural crest cell migration negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance positive regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10507 20354 Ensembl ENSG00000187764 ENSMUSG00000021451 UniProt Q92854 O09126 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001142287 NM_006378 NM_182635 NM_001371194 NM_001371195 NM_001371196 NM_001371197 NM_001371198 NM_001371199 NM_001371200 NM_001371201 NM_001371202 NM_001281880 NM_013660 RefSeq (protein) NP_001135759 NP_006369 NP_001358123 NP_001358124 NP_001358125 NP_001358126 NP_001358127 NP_001358128 NP_001358129 NP_001358130 NP_001358131 NP_001268809 NP_038688 NP_001365242 NP_001365243 NP_001365246 NP_001365247 NP_001365248 NP_001365249 NP_001365251 NP_001365252 NP_001365253 NP_001365244 NP_001365245 NP_001365250 NP_001365254 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 89.36 – 89.5 Mb Chr 13: 51.69 – 51.79 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Semaphorin-4D (SEMA4D) also known as Cluster of Differentiation 100 (CD100), is a protein of the semaphorin family that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4D gene. ^[5]

Function

Semaphorin 4D (Sema 4D) is an axon guidance molecule which is secreted by oligodendrocytes and induces growth cone collapse in the central nervous system. By binding plexin B1 receptor it functions as an R-Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and repels axon growth cones in both the mature central nervous system. ^[6]

In the immune system, CD100 binds CD72 to activate B cells and dendritic cells, though much about this interaction is still under investigation. ^{[7] [8]}

During skin damage repairs, SEMA4D interacts with Plexin B2 on Gamma delta T cells to play a role in the healing process. ^[9]

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187764 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021451 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: SEMA4D sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4D".
6. Ito Y, Oinuma I, Katoh H, Kaibuchi K, Negishi M (July 2006). "Sema4D/plexin-B1 activates GSK-3β through R-Ras GAP activity, inducing growth cone collapse". EMBO Reports. 7 (7): 704–9. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400737. PMC   1500830 . PMID   16799460.
7. Kumanogoh A, Watanabe C, Lee I, Wang X, Shi W, Araki H, Hirata H, Iwahori K, Uchida J, Yasui T, Matsumoto M, Yoshida K, Yakura H, Pan C, Parnes JR, Kikutani H (November 2000). "Identification of CD72 as a lymphocyte receptor for the class IV semaphorin CD100: a novel mechanism for regulating B cell signaling". Immunity. 13 (5): 621–31. doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00062-5 . PMID   11114375.
8. Ishida I, Kumanogoh A, Suzuki K, Akahani S, Noda K, Kikutani H (August 2003). "Involvement of CD100, a lymphocyte semaphorin, in the activation of the human immune system via CD72: implications for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses". Int. Immunol. 15 (8): 1027–34. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxg098 . PMID   12882840.
9. Deborah A. Witherden; Megumi Watanabe; Olivia Garijo; Stephanie E. Rieder; Gor Sarkisyan; Shane J.F. Cronin; Petra Verdino; Ian A. Wilson; Atsushi Kumanogoh; Hitoshi Kikutani; Luc Teyton; Wolfgang H. Fischer; Wendy L. Havran (August 2012). "The CD100 Receptor Interacts with Its Plexin B2 Ligand to Regulate Epidermal γδ T Cell Function". Immunity. 37 (2): 314–25. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.026. PMC   3430606 . PMID   22902232.

Further reading

• Bougeret C, Mansur IG, Dastot H, et al. (1992). "Increased surface expression of a newly identified 150-kDa dimer early after human T lymphocyte activation". J. Immunol. 148 (2): 318–23. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.2.318 . PMID   1530858. S2CID   29224711.
• Hall KT, Boumsell L, Schultze JL, et al. (1996). "Human CD100, a novel leukocyte semaphorin that promotes B-cell aggregation and differentiation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11780–5. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9311780H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11780 . PMC   38135 . PMID   8876214.
• Herold C, Elhabazi A, Bismuth G, et al. (1997). "CD100 is associated with CD45 at the surface of human T lymphocytes. Role in T cell homotypic adhesion". J. Immunol. 157 (12): 5262–8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.12.5262 . PMID   8955171. S2CID   36341775.
• Furuyama T, Inagaki S, Kosugi A, et al. (1997). "Identification of a novel transmembrane semaphorin expressed on lymphocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (52): 33376–81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.52.33376 . PMID   8969198.
• Tamagnone L, Artigiani S, Chen H, et al. (1999). "Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates". Cell. 99 (1): 71–80. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80063-X . PMID   10520995. S2CID   17386412.
• Elhabazi A, Delaire S, Bensussan A, et al. (2001). "Biological activity of soluble CD100. I. The extracellular region of CD100 is released from the surface of T lymphocytes by regulated proteolysis". J. Immunol. 166 (7): 4341–7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4341 . PMID   11254687.
• Delaire S, Billard C, Tordjman R, et al. (2001). "Biological activity of soluble CD100. II. Soluble CD100, similarly to H-SemaIII, inhibits immune cell migration". J. Immunol. 166 (7): 4348–54. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4348 . PMID   11254688.
• Vikis HG, Li W, Guan KL (2002). "The Plexin-B1/Rac interaction inhibits PAK activation and enhances Sema4D ligand binding". Genes Dev. 16 (7): 836–45. doi:10.1101/gad.966402. PMC   186329 . PMID   11937491.
• Granziero L, Circosta P, Scielzo C, et al. (2003). "CD100/Plexin-B1 interactions sustain proliferation and survival of normal and leukemic CD5+ B lymphocytes". Blood. 101 (5): 1962–9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1339 . PMID   12406905.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, et al. (2003). "HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages". Nat. Med. 9 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1038/nm822. PMID   12539042. S2CID   26145639.
• Love CA, Harlos K, Mavaddat N, et al. (2003). "The ligand-binding face of the semaphorins revealed by the high-resolution crystal structure of SEMA4D". Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 (10): 843–8. doi:10.1038/nsb977. PMID   12958590. S2CID   24468463.
• Giraudon P, Vincent P, Vuaillat C, et al. (2004). "Semaphorin CD100 from activated T lymphocytes induces process extension collapse in oligodendrocytes and death of immature neural cells". J. Immunol. 172 (2): 1246–55. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1246 . PMID   14707103.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.
• Deaglio S, Vaisitti T, Bergui L, et al. (2005). "CD38 and CD100 lead a network of surface receptors relaying positive signals for B-CLL growth and survival". Blood. 105 (8): 3042–50. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-3873 . PMID   15613544.
• Conrotto P, Valdembri D, Corso S, et al. (2005). "Sema4D induces angiogenesis through Met recruitment by Plexin B1". Blood. 105 (11): 4321–9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2885 . PMID   15632204.
• Basile JR, Afkhami T, Gutkind JS (2005). "Semaphorin 4D/Plexin-B1 Induces Endothelial Cell Migration through the Activation of PYK2, Src, and the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (16): 6889–98. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.6889-6898.2005. PMC   1190270 . PMID   16055703.
• Lewandrowski U, Moebius J, Walter U, Sickmann A (2006). "Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 5 (2): 226–33. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M500324-MCP200 . PMID   16263699.
• Nkyimbeng-Takwi EH, Chapoval SP (2011). "Biology and function of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D". Immunol. Res. 50 (1): 10–21. doi:10.1007/s12026-010-8201-y. PMC   3366695 . PMID   21203905.
• Smith EP, Shanks K, Lipsky MM, DeTolla LJ, Keegan AD, Chapoval SP (2011). "Expression of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D and their receptors in the lung is enhanced by allergen and vascular endothelial growth factor". BMC Immunol. 12: 30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-30 . PMC   3118960 . PMID   21595947.
• Shanks K, Nkyimbeng-Takwi EH, Smith EP, Lipsky MM, DeTolla LJ, Keegan AD, Chapoval SP (2013). "Neuroimmune semaphorin 4D is necessary for optimal lung allergic inflammation". Mol. Immunol. 56 (4): 480–7. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.228. PMC   3783523 . PMID   23911404.

External links

• SEMA4D+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)