Abd ar-Rahman | |
---|---|
Reign | October 1853 – 3 September 1854 |
Predecessor | Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin |
Successor | Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin |
Died | December 1854 [1] Borno |
Burial | |
Dynasty | Kanemi |
Father | Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi |
Religion | Muslim |
'Abd ar-Rahman, Abdurrahman or Darman was Shehu of Borno from 1853 to 1854.
With the help of some courtiers of Kukawa, 'Abd ar-Rahman deposed his brother Umar in November 1853 and became Shehu of Borno. He was considered too violent and tyrannical by his followers which explains why he only reigned for ten months before his brother reconquered his throne in September 1854. [2] He was then executed, most probably in December 1854.
In 1851, a British expedition led by Heinrich Barth arrived in Borno. For Barth, 'Abd ar-Rahman was a:
good soldier but a man of very loose and violent character. When a youth he had committed all sorts of violence and injustice, carrying off young brides by force to indulge his passions; he was besides, a man of little intelligence. Being but a few months younger than Omar, he thought himself equally entitled to the succession; and if once admitted into a high position in the empire, he might be expected to abuse his influence on the very first opportunity
The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya and Chad. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 8th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900.
The Kanuri people are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon, as well as a diaspora community residing in Sudan. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom identify as distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem–Bornu Empire, and its client states or provinces. In contrast to the neighboring Toubou or Zaghawa pastoralists, Kanuri groups have traditionally been sedentary, engaging in farming, fishing the Chad Basin, trade, and salt processing.
Ngazargamu, Birni Ngazargamu, Birnin Gazargamu, Gazargamo or N'gazargamu, was the capital of the Bornu Empire from ca. 1460 to 1809. Situated 150 km (93 mi) west of Lake Chad in the Yobe State of modern Nigeria, the remains of the former capital city are still visible. The surrounding wall is 6.6 km (4.1 mi) long and in parts it is still up to 5 m (16 ft) high.
Kukawa, formerly Kuka ("Baobab"), is a town and Local Government Area in the northeastern Nigerian state of Borno, close to Lake Chad.
Sayfawa dynasty, Sefouwa, Sefawa, or Sefuwa dynasty is the name of the Tumagrhara Clan, or Tomagra, or Toumaghra means is Muslim kings of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, centered first in Kanem in western Chad, and then, after 1380, in Borno.
al-Haj Idris Alooma was Mai (ruler) of the Bornu empire, covering parts of Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. His achievements are primarily chronicled by Ahmad bin Fartuwa, his chief Imam. His reign marked the end of the Kanem civil wars within the state, reuniting N'jimi, the former capital, under Sayfawa control. Furthermore, he introduced significant legal reforms based on Islamic law, establishing qadi courts that operated independently from the executive branch. He was credited with leading the empire to what is often regarded as its zenith during the late 16th-century and early 17th-century.
Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin or Umar of Borno was Shehu (Sheik) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi.
The Girgam is the royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, written in Arabic. Girgam is also used as the name for written historical records in some kingdoms west of Bornu, including Daura, Fika and Mandara, defined as "chronicle or 'list of ancestors'" or simply "date".
This is a timeline of Nigerian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Nigeria and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Nigeria. See also the list of heads of state of Nigeria.
Shehu Muhammad al-Amîn al-Kanemi was an Islamic scholar, teacher, religious and political leader who advised and eventually supplanted the Sayfawa dynasty of the Kanem–Bornu Empire. In 1846, al-Kanemi's son Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin became the sole ruler of Borno, an event which marked the end of the Sayfawa dynasty's 800 year rule. The current Shehu of Bornu, a traditional ruler whose seat remains in modern Borno State, Nigeria, is descended from al-Kanemi.
The Borno Emirate or Sultanate, sometimes known as the Bornu Emirate, is a traditional Nigerian state that was formed at the start of the 20th century. It is headed by the descendants of the rulers of the Bornu Empire, founded before 1000. The rulers have the title Shehu of Borno. The traditional emirate of Borno maintains a ceremonial rule of the Kanuri people, based in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, but acknowledged by the 4 million Kanuri in neighbouring countries.
Abu Bakr bin Ibrahim al-Kanemi CBE, was the Shehu of Bornu from 1902 to 1922.
Bukar or Bukar Kura bin Umar al-Kanemi was Shehu of Borno from 1881 to c. 1884.
Ibrahim or Ibrahim bin Umar al-Kanemi was Shehu of Borno from c. 1884 to c. 1885.
Ashimi or Hashim bin Umar al-Kanemi (1840s-1893) was Shehu of Borno from ca.1885 to 1893.
Kyari or Khair bin Bukhar al-Kanemi (?-1894) was Shehu of Borno in 1893–1894.
Shehu Umar Sanda ibn Ibrahim Kura al-Kanemi was the Shehu of Borno from 1922 to 1937. He was the son of Shehu Ibrahim Kura of Borno and brother of Shehu Abubakar Garbai.
Sanda Wuduroma, or Abu Sanda bin Buqar al-Kanemi, (?–1894) was Shehu of Borno in 1894.
Laminu Njitiya was a 19th-century Shuwa Arab aristocrat who served as an influential adviser to Umar bin Muhammad al-Kanemi, the Shehu of Bornu. He was often described as the most powerful figure in Bornu during the second reign of Umar.
Galadima is a historical title that referred to a high-ranking official or nobleman within various states of the historical central Sudan region, including the Hausa Kingdoms, Kanem-Bornu, and the Sokoto Caliphate. The title was typically held by individuals responsible for overseeing administrative, military, or diplomatic affairs. Although the exact roles and responsibilities of the Galadima varied across different polities, it was consistently associated with influential and authoritative figures. Today, the title exists as an honourific in most states in Northern Nigeria.