1290s in England

	1290s in England
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Last updated May 31, 2024

Incumbents

Monarch – Edward I

Events

1290

21 May – the statute of quo warranto establishes the concept of time immemorial in English law, dating it to before the accession of Richard I of England in 1189.^[1]
8 July – the statute Quia Emptores is passed, reforming the feudal system of land leases and allowing the sale of fee simple estates.^[2]
18 July – the Edict of Expulsion is issued expelling all the Jews from England (at this time probably around 2,000) by 1 November.^[1]^[3]
The second of the Statutes of Mortmain is passed under King Edward I, which prevents land from passing into possession of the church.
Approximate date of construction of the Round Table at Winchester Castle by order of King Edward.

1291

10 May – at Norham Castle, Edward forces the Scottish nobles to recognise his right to determine the succession to the throne of Scotland.^[2]
8 August – twelve applicants submit their claims to the Scottish throne to Edward I.^[2]
The Eleanor crosses are erected at Charing Cross and across England marking the route of the funeral procession Edward I's Queen, Eleanor of Castile.^[1]
Construction of the nave of York Minster begins.^[1]

1292

17 November – Edward I places John Balliol on the Scottish throne.^[1]
Edward I reforms and standardises the system of legal education.^[2]
Great Coxwell Barn is built; it will still be standing in the 21st century.

1293

13 February – Robert Winchelsey elected as Archbishop of Canterbury, an office he will hold until his death in 1313.
15 May – English fleet defeats a French force and sacks La Rochelle.^[2]

1294

January – war breaks out between England and France when Philip IV of France attempts to seize Gascony from English control.^[1]
14 May – Philip formally announces the confiscation of Gascony.^[2]
June – Edward I takes direct control of the English wool trade (until 1297).^[2]
24 August – Treaty of Nuremberg: England allies with the Holy Roman Empire against France.^[2]
September – Madog ap Llywelyn leads a Welsh revolt against English rule.^[1]
9 October – delayed by the Welsh revolt, an English army finally leaves to invade France.^[2]
November – Edward I requires coastal towns to build ships for an expedition to France.^[4]
Edward I demands from the Church a grant of one half of all clerical revenues.^[5]

1295

5 March – Battle of Maes Moydog: English defeat Welsh rebels.^[2]
5 July – Scotland and France form the Auld Alliance against England.^[1]
13 November – Edward I summons the Model Parliament to Westminster, the composition of which serves as a model for later parliaments.^[1]

1296

30 March – Capture of Berwick: Edward I captures the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed from the Scots and sacks it.^[1]
27 April – at the Battle of Dunbar, the English defeat the Scots.^[1]
August – Edward takes the Stone of Scone from Scotland to London.^[1]
28 August – Scottish assembly pays homage to Edward at Berwick. Edward establishes a system of English rule over Scotland.^[2]

1297

30 January – Edward I outlaws the clergy who have refused to pay his taxes due to an edict of Pope Boniface VIII.^[1]
24 February – a parliament assembled at Salisbury refuses to endorse Edward's war in Gascony.^[1]
May – William Wallace begins a Scottish rebellion against English rule.^[2]
24 August – Edward I leaves England to support an invasion of France by the Flemish Count Guy of Dampierre.^[1]
11 September – at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, the Scots under William Wallace defeat an English army.^[1]
7 October – a truce is signed between England and France.^[1]
10 October – Confirmation of Charters: Edward issues a statute reconfirming Magna Carta;^[1] copies are to be displayed in every cathedral.

1298

22 July – at the Battle of Falkirk, Edward I defeats the Scottish army led by William Wallace.^[1]
Rebuilding of Saint Stephen's Chapel at Westminster begins.^[2]

1299

4 January – earthquake felt across the home counties.
27 June – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Scimus Fili condemning King Edward I's invasion and occupation of Scotland.
4 September – Edward I marries Marguerite, sister of King Philip IV.^[2]
A fire damages the Palace of Westminster.^[6]

Births

1292

Henry Burghersh, statesman (died 1340)
Eleanor de Clare, noblewoman (died 1337)
John Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter (died 1369)

1293

Margaret de Clare, noblewoman (died 1342)

1295

16 September – Elizabeth de Clare, noblewoman (died 1360)
Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (died 1361)

1297

Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell (died 1349)

Deaths

1290

28 November – Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (born 1241)

1291

26 June – Eleanor of Provence, queen of Henry III of England (born c. 1223)

1292

June? – Roger Bacon, philosopher and scientist (born c. 1220?)
25 October – Robert Burnell, bishop and Lord Chancellor (born c. 1239)
8 December – John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1230)

1295

7 December – Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, politician (born 1243)

1296

May – William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (year of birth unknown)
5 June – Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England (born 1245)

1297

11 September – Hugh de Cressingham, treasurer (year of birth unknown)
31 December – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, soldier (born 1249)

1298

24 January – William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas (born 1243 in Scotland)

Related Research Articles

The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

Edward I, also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he was Lord of Ireland, and from 1254 to 1306 he ruled Gascony as Duke of Aquitaine in his capacity as a vassal of the French king. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as the Lord Edward. The eldest son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was held hostage by the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Within two years, the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward left to join the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land in 1270. He was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed of his father's death. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey.

John Balliol or John de Balliol, known derisively as Toom Tabard, was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an interregnum during which several competitors for the Crown of Scotland put forward claims. Balliol was chosen from among them as the new King of Scotland by a group of selected noblemen headed by King Edward I of England.

Isabella of Mar was the first wife of Robert Bruce VII, Earl of Carrick. Isabella died before her husband was crowned King of Scotland. She and her husband were the grandparents of Robert II, King of Scotland, founder of the Royal House of Stuart.

The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. De facto independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn. The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to establish their authority over Scotland while Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland.

Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, jure uxoris Earl of Carrick (1252–1292), Lord of Hartness, Writtle and Hatfield Broad Oak, was a cross-border lord, and participant of the Second Barons' War, Ninth Crusade, Welsh Wars, and First War of Scottish Independence, as well as father to the future king of Scotland Robert the Bruce.

Robert V de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, was a feudal lord, justice and constable of Scotland and England, a regent of Scotland, and a competitor for the Scottish throne in 1290/92 in the Great Cause. He is commonly known as "Robert the Competitor". His grandson Robert the Bruce eventually became King of Scots.

Clan Bruce is a Lowlands Scottish clan. It was a royal house in the 14th century, producing two kings of Scotland, and a disputed High King of Ireland, Edward Bruce.

Sir William Douglas "le Hardi", Lord of Douglas was a Scottish nobleman and soldier.

Events from the 1330s in England.

Events from the 1240s in England.

The Auld Alliance was an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France against England made in 1295. The Scots word auld, meaning old, has become a partly affectionate term for the long-lasting association between the two countries. Although the alliance was never formally revoked, it is considered by some to have ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560.

John Segrave, 2nd Baron Segrave was an English commander in the First War of Scottish Independence.

William de Vesci or Vescy was a prominent 13th-century noble. He was a son of William de Vesci and his second wife Lady Agnes de Ferrers, daughter of William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby, and his first wife Sibyl Marshal.

Walter de Huntercombe, 1st Baron Huntercombe (1247–1313) was an English military commander during the Wars of Scottish Independence and a Governor of Edinburgh Castle.

Sir John St John, of Basing in Hampshire, was an English landowner, soldier, administrator and diplomat who was a close confidant of King Edward I, serving him in many capacities.

The English invasion of Scotland of 1296 was a military campaign undertaken by Edward I of England in retaliation to the Scottish treaty with France and the renouncing of fealty of John, King of Scotland and Scottish raids into Northern England.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Wars of Scottish Independence:

Events from the 1290s in Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Latimer, 1st Baron Latimer</span>

William le Latimer, Lord of Corby and Billinges was an English noble. He was a crusader and served in English campaigns in Wales, Gascony, France and Scotland.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 150–152. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 91–94. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
↑ Mundill, Robin R. (2002). England's Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262–1290. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52026-6. p. 27.
↑ Friel, Ian (1986). "The building of the Lyme Galley, 1294–1296". Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society Proceedings. 108: 41–4.
↑ Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I (updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 403–4. ISBN 0-300-07209-0.
↑ Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1995). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 287. ISBN 0-333-57688-8.

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[Cassell's_Chronology-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 150–152. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.

[CBH-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 91–94. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.

[3] Mundill, Robin R. (2002). England's Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262–1290. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52026-6. p. 27.

[4] Friel, Ian (1986). "The building of the Lyme Galley, 1294–1296". Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society Proceedings. 108: 41–4.

[5] Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I (updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 403–4. ISBN 0-300-07209-0.

[London_Encyclopaedia-6] Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1995). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 287. ISBN 0-333-57688-8.

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1290s in England

Contents

Incumbents

Events

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

References