1630 in science

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The year 1630 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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Astronomy

Mathematics

Microscopy

Technology

Events

Births

Deaths

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Kepler</span> German astronomer and mathematician (1571–1630)

Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae, influencing among others Isaac Newton, providing one of the foundations for his theory of universal gravitation. The variety and impact of his work made Kepler one of the founders and fathers of modern astronomy, the scientific method, natural and modern science. He has been described as the "father of science fiction" for his novel Somnium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camera obscura</span> Optical device

A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole. The image of lensless camera obscuras is also referred to as "pinhole image".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Fludd</span> British mathematician and astrologer (1574–1637)

Robert Fludd, also known as Robertus de Fluctibus, was a prominent English Paracelsian physician with both scientific and occult interests. He is remembered as an astrologer, mathematician, cosmologist, Qabalist and Rosicrucian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre Gassendi</span> French priest, astronomer, and mathematician (1592–1655)

Pierre Gassendi was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi is named after him.

The year 1631 in science and technology involved some significant events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transit of Venus</span> Astronomical transit of Venus across the Sun

A transit of Venus takes place when Venus passes directly between the Sun and the Earth, becoming visible against the solar disk. During a transit, Venus is visible as a small black circle moving across the face of the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippe van Lansberge</span>

Johan Philip Lansberge was a Flemish Calvinist Minister, astronomer and Mathematician. His name is sometimes written Lansberg, and his first name is sometimes given as Philip or Johannes Philippus. He published under the Latin name Philippus Lansbergius.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jakob Bartsch</span> German astronomer

Jakob Bartsch or Jacobus Bartschius was a German astronomer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niccolò Zucchi</span> Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist

Niccolò Zucchi was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Maestlin</span> German astronomer and mathematician (1550–1631)

Michael Maestlin was a German astronomer and mathematician, known for being the mentor of Johannes Kepler. He was a student of Philipp Apian and was known as the teacher who most influenced Kepler. Maestlin was considered to be one of the most significant astronomers between the time of Copernicus and Kepler.

<i>Mysterium Cosmographicum</i> Astronomy book by Johannes Kepler

Mysterium Cosmographicum is an astronomy book by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler, published at Tübingen in late 1596 and in a second edition in 1621. Kepler proposed that the distance relationships between the six planets known at that time could be understood in terms of the five Platonic solids, enclosed within a sphere that represented the orbit of Saturn.

<i>Rudolphine Tables</i> 1627 catalogue of astronomical data by Johannes Kepler

The Rudolphine Tables consist of a star catalogue and planetary tables published by Johannes Kepler in 1627, using observational data collected by Tycho Brahe (1546–1601). The tables are named in memory of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, in whose employ Brahe and Kepler had begun work on the tables. The main purpose of the Rudolphine tables was to allow the computation of the positions of the then known planets of the Solar System, and they were considerably more precise than earlier such tables.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Baptist Cysat</span>

Johann Baptist Cysat was a Swiss Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, after whom the lunar crater Cysatus is named. He was born in Lucerne, as the eighth of 14 children, to cartographer, historian and folklorist Renward Cysat (1545–1614).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federico Cesi</span> Italian scientist

Federico Angelo Cesi was an Italian scientist, naturalist, and founder of the Accademia dei Lincei. On his father's death in 1630, he became briefly lord of Acquasparta.

<i>Die Harmonie der Welt</i> Opera by Paul Hindemith

Die Harmonie der Welt is an opera in five acts by Paul Hindemith. The German libretto was by the composer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeremiah Horrocks</span> English astronomer (1618–1641)

Jeremiah Horrocks, sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox, was an English astronomer. He was the first person to demonstrate that the Moon moved around the Earth in an elliptical orbit; and he was the only person to predict the transit of Venus of 1639, an event which he and his friend William Crabtree were the only two people to observe and record. Most remarkably, Horrocks correctly asserted that Jupiter was accelerating in its orbit while Saturn was slowing and interpreted this as due to mutual gravitational interaction, thereby demonstrating that gravity's actions were not limited to the Earth, Sun, and Moon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francesco Stelluti</span>

Francesco Stelluti was an Italian polymath who worked in the fields of mathematics, microscopy, literature, and astronomy. Along with Federico Cesi, Anastasio de Filiis and Johannes van Heeck, he founded the Accademia dei Lincei in August 1603.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1639 transit of Venus</span> Earliest certainly recorded transit of Venus

The first known observations and recording of a transit of Venus were made in 1639 by the English astronomers Jeremiah Horrocks and his friend and correspondent William Crabtree. The pair made their observations independently on 4 December that year ; Horrocks from Carr House, then in the village of Much Hoole, Lancashire, and Crabtree from his home in Broughton, near Manchester.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Remus Quietanus</span> German astronomer, astrologer and doctor

Johann Ruderauf or Johannes Remus Quietanus was a German astronomer, astrologer and doctor. He maintained correspondence with Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and Giovanni Faber, a pontifical botanist. He is one of the first four observers of transit of Mercury that happened on 7 November 1631.

Jean Tarde was Vicar general of Sarlat, famous for his chronicles of the diocese. He was a Frenchman and was an early adopter of Copernican theory. Tarde was born into a semi wealthy family in the bourgeois community in La Roque-Gageac, near Sarlat, France. He received his doctorate of law from the University of Cahors and then went on to the University of Paris to continue his studies. Throughout his younger adult life, he held a number of different religious positions such as canon theologian, and almoner where during his free time he studied various sciences including mathematics, astronomy, physics, and geography. He is most famous for his work with sunspots which he concluded were small satellites of the sun.

References

  1. van Helden, Albert (1976). "The Importance of the Transit of Mercury of 1631". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 7: 1. Bibcode:1976JHA.....7....1V. doi:10.1177/002182867600700101. S2CID   22091697.
  2. Norman, Jeremy. "The First Book to Contain Images of Organisms Viewed through the Microscope (1630)". History of Knowledge. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
  3. Richardson, Matthew (2001). The Penguin Book of Firsts. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. ISBN   0-14-302771-9.
  4. L'Anthropologie (in French). Masson. 1894. p. 270.