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| 19th century |
| 1870s |
The decade of the 1870s in film involved some significant events.
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| Years in film |
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| 19th century |
| 1870s |
The decade of the 1870s in film involved some significant events.
| Year | Month | Date | Name | Country | Profession | Died | |
| 1870 | March | 13 | Henri Étiévant | France | Actor, Director | 1953 | |
| May | 2 | Lewis J. Selznick | US | Producer | 1933 | ||
| 1871 | March | 23 | Heinrich Schroth | Germany | Actor | 1945 | |
| April | 16 | Henry Stephenson | US | Actor | 1956 | ||
| April | 21 | Jaro Fürth | Austria | Actor | 1945 | ||
| May | 30 | Olga Engl | Austria | Actress | 1946 | ||
| July | 7 | Richard Carle | US | Actor, Playwright | 1941 | ||
| 1872 | January | 25 | Robert McWade | US | Actor | 1938 | |
| February | 12 | Oscar Stribolt | Denmark | Actor | 1927 | ||
| April | 26 | William Desmond Taylor | Ireland | Actor, Director | 1922 | ||
| December | 22 | Georg Blomstedt | Sweden | Actor | 1933 | ||
| 1873 | January | 7 | Adolph Zukor | US | Founder of Paramount Pictures | 1976 | |
| March | 7 | Madame Sul-Te-Wan | US | Actress | 1959 | ||
| June | 10 | Vera Lewis | US | Actress | 1956 | ||
| June | 13 | Karin Swanström | Sweden | Actress, Director | 1942 | ||
| July | 1 | Alice Guy-Blaché | France | Director, Producer, Screenwriter | 1968 | ||
| November | 24 | John St. Polis | US | Actor | 1946 | ||
| 1874 | March | 19 | Arthur Hoyt | US | Actor | 1953 | |
| April | 28 | Sidney Toler | US | Actor, Writer | 1947 | ||
| June | 2 | E. Alyn Warren | US | Actor | 1940 | ||
| November | 13 | Henry Kolker | US | Actor, Director | 1947 | ||
| November | 22 | Elizabeth Patterson | US | Actor | 1966 | ||
| November | 30 | Lloyd Ingraham | US | Actor, Director | 1956 | ||
| 1875 | January | 15 | Claude King | UK | Actor | 1941 | |
| January | 22 | D. W. Griffith | US | Filmmaker | 1948 | ||
| February | 26 | Emma Dunn | UK | Actress | 1966 | ||
| March | 25 | Spencer Charters | US | Actor | 1943 | ||
| April | 4 | Samuel S. Hinds | US | Actor, Lawyer | 1948 | ||
| June | 6 | J. Farrell MacDonald | US | Actor, Director | 1952 | ||
| June | 11 | Gilbert Emery | US | Actor | 1945 | ||
| September | 12 | Matsunosuke Onoe | Japan | Actor | 1926 | ||
| November | 10 | Maude Eburne | Canada | Actress | 1960 | ||
| December | 8 | Frederik Buch | Denmark | Actor | 1925 | ||
| 1876 | February | 26 | Amy Veness | UK | Actress | 1960 | |
| March | 18 | Frank Darien | US | Actor | 1955 | ||
| June | 20 | Romuald Joubé | France | Actor | 1949 | ||
| 1877 | June | 19 | Charles Coburn | US | Actor | 1961 | |
| November | 8 | Robert Homans | US | Actor | 1947 | ||
| 1878 | January | 16 | Harry Carey | US | Actor | 1947 | |
| April | 12 | Lionel Barrymore | US | Actor | 1954 | ||
| May | 25 | Bill Robinson | US | Actor, Dancer | 1949 | ||
| June | 26 | Ernest Torrence | Scotland | Actor | 1933 | ||
| July | 14 | Donald Meek | Scotland | Actor | 1946 | ||
| 1879 | January | 1 | William Fox | Hungary | Founder of Fox Film Corporation | 1952 | |
| January | 1 | Paul Porcasi | Italy | Actor | 1946 | ||
| February | 12 | Urban Gad | Denmark | Director | 1947 | ||
| June | 9 | Dudley Digges | US | Actor | 1947 | ||
| August | 15 | Ethel Barrymore | US | Actress | 1959 | ||
| October | 15 | Jane Darwell | US | Actress | 1967 | ||
| October | 22 | Karl Hoblitzelle | US | Movie theater owner | 1967 | ||
| November | 4 | Will Rogers | US | Actor, Comedian | 1935 | ||
| November | 15 | Lewis Stone | US | Actor | 1953 | ||
| December | 27 | Sydney Greenstreet | UK | Actor | 1954 | ||
| December | 27 | Robert Greig | Australia | Actor | 1958 | ||
The Lumière brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière and Louis Jean Lumière, were French manufacturers of photography equipment, best known for their Cinématographe motion picture system and the short films they produced between 1895 and 1905, which places them among the earliest filmmakers.
A phonograph, later called a gramophone, and since the 1940s a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of recorded sound. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones.
Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer known for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.
The following is an overview of the events of 1892 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.
The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device, designed for films to be viewed by one person at a time through a peephole viewer window. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but it introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video: it created the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. First described in conceptual terms by U.S. inventor Thomas Edison in 1888, it was largely developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892. Dickson and his team at the Edison lab in New Jersey also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, eventually, commercial Kinetoscope presentations.
Charles-Émile Reynaud was a French inventor, responsible for the praxinoscope and was responsible for the first projected animated films. His Pantomimes Lumineuses premiered on 28 October 1892 in Paris. His Théâtre Optique film system, patented in 1888, is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. The performances predated Auguste and Louis Lumière's first paid public screening of the cinematographe on 26 December 1895, often seen as the birth of cinema.
The phenakistiscope was the first widespread animation device that created a fluent illusion of motion. Dubbed Fantascope and Stroboscopische Scheiben by its inventors, it has been known under many other names until the French product name Phénakisticope became common. The phenakistiscope is regarded as one of the first forms of moving media entertainment that paved the way for the future motion picture and film industry. Similar to a GIF animation, it can only show a short continuous loop.
The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned. Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.
The Elektrischen Schnellseher or Electrotachyscope was an early motion picture system developed by chronophotographer Ottomar Anschütz between 1886 and 1894. He made at least seven different versions of the machine, including a projector, a peep-box viewer and several versions with illuminated glass photographs on a rotating wheel viewed on a 12.5 cm (4.9 in) wide milk glass screen by up to seven people at the same time.
Chronophotography is a photographic technique from the Victorian era which captures a number of phases of movements. The best known chronophotography works were mostly intended for the scientific study of locomotion, to discover practical information for animal handlers and/or as reference material for artists. Although many results were not intended to be exhibited as moving pictures, there is much overlap with the more or less simultaneous quest to register and exhibit photographic motion pictures.
Precursors of film are concepts and devices that have much in common with the later art and techniques of cinema.
The decade of the 1890s in film involved some significant events.
The Théâtre Optique is an animated moving picture system invented by Émile Reynaud and patented in 1888. From 28 October 1892 to March 1900 Reynaud gave over 12,800 shows to a total of over 500,000 visitors at the Musée Grévin in Paris. His Pantomimes Lumineuses series of animated films include Pauvre Pierrot and Autour d'une cabine. Reynaud's Théâtre Optique predated Auguste and Louis Lumière's first commercial, public screening of the cinematograph on 28 December 1895, which has long been seen as the birth of film.
Un bon bock is an 1892 French short animated film directed by Émile Reynaud. Painted in 1888, it was first screened on 28 October 1892 using the Théâtre Optique process, which allowed him to project a hand-painted colored film, before the invention of cinematograph.
A film – also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick – is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images. These images are generally accompanied by sound and, more rarely, other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and the art form that is the result of it. Films can vary in genre, style, length and format, and they are typically produced for entertainment, education, cultural expression, or commercialpurposes. They are usually shown in theaters, on television, or via streaming platforms.
The Horse in Motion is a series of cabinet cards by Eadweard Muybridge, including six cards that each show a sequential series of six to twelve "automatic electro-photographs" depicting the movement of a horse. Muybridge shot the photographs in June 1878. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had previously been published by Muybridge in 1877.
The history of film technology traces the development of techniques for the recording, construction and presentation of motion pictures. When the film medium came about in the 19th century, there already was a centuries old tradition of screening moving images through shadow play and the magic lantern that were very popular with audiences in many parts of the world. Especially the magic lantern influenced much of the projection technology, exhibition practices and cultural implementation of film. Between 1825 and 1840, the relevant technologies of stroboscopic animation, photography and stereoscopy were introduced. For much of the rest of the century, many engineers and inventors tried to combine all these new technologies and the much older technique of projection to create a complete illusion or a complete documentation of reality. Colour photography was usually included in these ambitions and the introduction of the phonograph in 1877 seemed to promise the addition of synchronized sound recordings. Between 1887 and 1894, the first successful short cinematographic presentations were established. The biggest popular breakthrough of the technology came in 1895 with the first projected movies that lasted longer than 10 seconds. During the first years after this breakthrough, most motion pictures lasted about 50 seconds, lacked synchronized sound and natural colour, and were mainly exhibited as novelty attractions. In the first decades of the 20th century, movies grew much longer and the medium quickly developed into one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment. The breakthrough of synchronized sound occurred at the end of the 1920s and that of full color motion picture film in the 1930s. By the start of the 21st century, physical film stock was being replaced with digital film technologies at both ends of the production chain by digital image sensors and projectors.
For the history of animation after the development of celluloid film, see history of animation.