The president of the Republic of El Salvador is the head of state and head of government of El Salvador. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of El Salvador.
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez was a Salvadoran military officer and politician who served as president of El Salvador from 4 December 1931 to 28 August 1934 in a provisional capacity and again in an official capacity from 1 March 1935 until his resignation on 9 May 1944. Martínez was the leader of El Salvador during most of World War II.
José Gerardo Barrios Espinoza was a Salvadoran military officer and politician who served as president of El Salvador on three occasions between June 1858 and his overthrow in October 1863.
Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez was the president of El Salvador from 10 June 1894 to 13 November 1898. He was a leader of the Revolution of the 44 which overthrew President General Carlos Ezeta from April to June 1894. Gutiérrez served as provisional president until being officially inaugurated in March 1895 after his victory in the 1895 presidential election, in which he was the only candidate.
Doctor Manuel Enrique Araujo was a Salvadoran politician and physician who served as President of El Salvador from 1 March 1911 until his death on 9 February 1913 to his injuries sustained in an assassination attempt five days prior. Araujo is the only Salvadoran president to have been assassinated while in office.
Carlos Meléndez Ramírez was a Salvadoran politician who served as the president of El Salvador from 1913 to 1914 and again from 1915 to 1918. He also served as the president of the Legislative Assembly from 1912 to 1913.
Pío Romero Bosque, contemporarily referred to as Don Pío, was a Salvadoran politician and lawyer who served as president of El Salvador from 1927 to 1931. He had previously served as Alfonso Quiñónez Molina's vice president from 1923 to 1927 and as El Salvador's minister of war, the navy, and aviation from 1919 to 1927. He also previously served as the minister of governance, development, and public instruction from 1903 to 1907 and as the president of the Supreme Court of Justice from 1914 to 1919.
Arturo Araujo Fajardo was a Salvadoran politician and engineer who served as the president of El Salvador from 1 March 1931 to 2 December 1931. He was overthrown in a military coup led by junior officers, and was forced to flee the country for Guatemala.
Casa Presidencial, or "Presidential House" in the Spanish language, is the President of El Salvador's official residence and his offices.
La Matanza refers to a communist-indigenous rebellion that took place in El Salvador between 22 and 25 January 1932. After the revolt was suppressed, it was followed by large-scale government killings in western El Salvador, which resulted in the deaths of 10,000 to 40,000 people. Another 100 soldiers were killed during the suppression of the revolt.
The Revolution of the 44 was a military rebellion led by a group of Salvadoran generals and landowners, known as "the 44", against the government of President General Carlos Ezeta and Vice President General Antonio Ezeta.
A presidential election was held in El Salvador between 13 and 15 January 1919 when Salvadorans elected their next president to serve a four-year term from 1919 to 1923. In the election, Jorge Meléndez defeated opponents Pío Romero Bosque and Arturo Araujo and was elected as the country's president; Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, the then-provisional president, was elected as Jorge Meléndez's vice president.
The Civic Directory was a military junta which governed El Salvador from 2 to 4 December 1931. The junta was composed of twelve members of the Armed Forces from the Army, Air Force, and National Guard. The directory marked the beginning of the era of military dictatorship in El Salvador which lasted until October 1979 with the 1979 coup d'état and the establishment of the Revolutionary Government Junta, a joint civilian-military government which ruled until 1982.
The 1931 Salvadoran coup d'état occurred on 2 December 1931 when the Armed Forces of El Salvador overthrew President Arturo Araujo. The Civic Directory ruled El Salvador for two days after the coup until it relinquished power to Brigadier General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, Araujo's vice president and minister of war, the navy, and aviation.
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador in January 1895. General Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez, who was serving as the country's provisional president during the election, ran unopposed and was elected with over 99 percent of the vote. Concurrent vice presidential elections were held, during which, Prudencio Alfaro defeated Carlos Meléndez and four minor candidates.
Prudencio Alfaro Menéndez was a Salvadoran politician who served as Vice President of El Salvador from 1895 until 1898. He later led a joint Honduran-Nicaraguan invasion of El Salvador in 1907.
From January 1822 to July 1823, the Captaincy General of Guatemala, a former Spanish colony, was controlled by the First Mexican Empire, and briefly, the Supreme Executive Power—the provisional government that succeeded Mexican imperial rule. The captaincy general consisted of the provinces of Chiapas, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua—the six southernmost provinces of the Mexican Empire. The incorporation of Central America brought Mexico to the height of its territorial extent.
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 16 February 1903. General Pedro José Escalón was elected with 78 percent of the vote. President Tomás Regalado hand-picked Escalón to be his successor. All men were eligible to vote in the election.
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 13 January 1907. General Fernando Figueroa was elected with 99.76 percent of the vote. His closest rival Luis Alonso Barahona received 222 votes to Figueroa's 152,053.
Luis Alonso Barahona, sometimes spelt Baraona, was a Salvadoran military officer, politician, and diplomat who served as the minister of war and the navy in 1915. He also served as the governor of the Honduran department of Cortés from 1900 to 1902 and as a deputy to the legislature of the Greater Republic of Central America in 1898. Barahona stood as a presidential candidate in El Salvador in both 1907 and 1911, however, he lost both elections to Fernando Figueroa and Manuel Enrique Araujo, respectively.
