On October 30, 1985, a mass shooting took place at the Springfield Mall, a shopping mall in Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Three people, including a toddler, were killed and seven others were injured. The perpetrator, 25-year-old Sylvia Seegrist, had been diagnosed with schizophrenia in the past and was sentenced to three consecutive life sentences.[1]
Due to the perpetrator's history of mental illness, the shooting stimulated discussion about the state's authority to commit at-risk people into mental care facilities versus individual rights.
Shootings
Two Ruger 10/22 with rotary magazines, similar to the weapon used in the shooting
On October 30, 1985, Sylvia Seegrist entered the Springfield Mall twice. The first time, she shopped for Halloween items at a party store, then worked out at a fitness club.
Returning to the parking lot, Seegrist alighted from her vehicle, a Datsun B-210, dressed in green military fatigues and retrieved hunting rifle she had bought a few days earlier. The perpetrator fired at a man approximately 30 yards (27m) from where she stood. The man was not hit and having seen the vehicle she arrived in, flattened one of the Datsun's tires to prevent an escape in that vehicle. Meanwhile, Seegrist had approached the nearest entrance and fired at, but missed, a woman who was using a nearby ATM. Before entering the mall, she shot and killed two-year-old Recife Cosmen who was with his parents waiting to eat at a local restaurant.
Once inside, Seegrist fired into some stores and ignored others. She shot 67-year-old (Ernest) Earl Trout, a gynecologist at a county hospital, who either could not or did not hear the gunfire, in front of a store; Trout fell into a coma and died a month later on 30 November.[2] 64-year-old Augusto Ferrara was the last person killed in the shooting when he walked out of a shoe store. Both Trout and Ferrara were found by their wives, who had been shopping separately. Several witnesses initially believed the shooting was an elaborate Halloween prank.[3]
24-year-old John W. Laufer III, a local graduate student and volunteer fire fighter, disarmed Seegrist as she walked up to him and tried to raise her gun to shoot him.[4][5] Laufer forced her to a nearby store while he waited for the arrival of mall security.[6] When asked by the first arriving guard why she had committed the shooting, Seegrist's reply was "My family makes me nervous".[7] During the subsequent arrest by police, Seegrist loudly cursed and complained about her parents, also stating "You should have killed me on the spot".[8] In custody, she asked detectives how many people she killed and voiced frustration over "only two dead", asking if "any of them [were] kids".[9]
Perpetrator
Sylvia Wynanda Seegrist was born on July 31, 1960, in Crum Lynne, Pennsylvania. At Seegrist's trial, her mother Ruth testified that her daughter's paternal grandfather fondled and exposed himself in front of Sylvia when she was 8 years old, and that Ruth had not learned about the sexual abuse until Sylvia was 13. When the two discussed the abuse, Seegrist reportedly told her mother that she didn't know "how intimate our relationship was."[10]
Seegrist was first hospitalized at the age of sixteen, and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Between 1976 and 1985, she was hospitalized 15 times and, upon each discharge, psychiatrists diagnosed that she no longer posed a risk to herself or others.[11]
In 1984, Seegrist enlisted in the U.S. Army.[12] During training, she faced harassment from her drill sergeant and other members of her platoon,[12] who assumed she was a lesbian; they set her up on a prank date and made her the target of many jokes thereafter.[citation needed] She was discharged from the Army after two months in 1985.[12]
In summer 1981, while hospitalized at an outpatient clinic, Seegrist injured a female counsellor by stabbing her in the back with a paring knife. She was not criminally charged and instead sent to a rehabilitation program.[8]
Seegrist spent a good deal of time at the Springfield Mall, harassing customers and making statements about how "good" other spree killings were, such as the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's massacre.[13] As Seegrist was known to loiter around the mall wearing combat fatigues, merchants nicknamed her "Ms. Rambo", which she disliked. A phramacist recalled that she regularly came in to fill her prescription and acted aggressively when the store refused to take an outdated order.[3][8][14] An instructor at the fitness club said "she hated everyone and would often talk about shooting and killing people".[15] At other times, Seegrist ranted about the energy crisis, nuclear power, and famine.[9]
Seegrist's behavior was so disconcerting that clerks at a local K-Mart told her they had no rifles in stock when she tried to purchase one from them. She eventually purchased a Ruger 10/22 at another store.[15] A few hours before the shooting, Seegrist's mother begged her daughter to voluntarily commit herself to psychiatric treatment, which Seegrist refused to do.[16]
Trial and incarceration
Prior to the competency hearing Seegrist was transferred to Norristown State Hospital for evaluation.[17] On March 6, 1986, Seegrist was deemed competent to stand trial for the killings and charged with three counts of murder and seven counts of attempted murder.[18] The trial began on June 2, 1986.[19] On June 27, she was found guilty, but mentally ill, she was sentenced to three consecutive life sentences and seven consecutive 10-year terms.[20] The judge had said that Seegrist "should spend the rest of her life in some form of incarceration".[21] She was sent to the psychiatric specialty hospital Mayview State Hospital[22] for evaluation and was eventually moved to the State Correctional Institution in Muncy, Pennsylvania.
Sylvia Seegrist served her first 2+1⁄2 years of imprisonment at Norristown State Hospital, and then transferred to Muncy State Prison for women. Ruth Seegrist and her ex-husband visited Sylvia regularly at Muncy and she seemed to welcome the visits. But about 1992, Sylvia Seegrist had severe difficulties with her antipsychotic medication. Her mother is not sure what medication she is taking now, but around 1997, Sylvia made a decision to stop any contact with her family members. Visits and phone calls ended, the last letter Ruth Seegrist sent to her daughter was on November 30. Sylvia has not replied.[23]
Seegrist's Muncy Prison counsellor meets her at least every two weeks. Her counsellor notes that Sylvia takes her medication, spends time at the library, exercises a lot and "takes steps to keep herself sharp".[needs update][23] In a 1999 letter correspondence with The New York Times, Seegrist wrote, "As I am safer in prison less threatening or perverted lesser crimes than my family[sic]."[24]
Aftermath
The shooting spurred the state government to form a legislative task force, in order to address better ways to care for the mentally ill in the community.[25][26] Seegrist's mother also urged legislators to make changes to the state mental health laws.[27][28] The existence or nature of changes made by the task force is unknown.[citation needed] In response to the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, Seegrist's mother Ruth told The Philly Post:[29]
You know, it's ironic that people who are irrational are expected under the law to get help on their own. There needs to be something in the law that compels a troubled person to be diagnosed by a psychiatrist. In the 1950s, we were institutionalizing people who weren't mentally ill. You could institutionalize someone who was just unruly. We've gone from one extreme to the other.
—Ruth Seegrist, Decades After Sylvia Seegrist, Mentally Ill People Are Still Murdering Innocents, The Philly Post
At the time of the shootings, gun buyers were required to sign a paper application declaring they had no record of being in a mental institution. Sylvia Seegrist lied on the application and purchased the .22 semi-automatic rifle used in the murders for $107.00. In 1998, the state of Pennsylvania enacted the Pennsylvania Instant Check System or PICS, enabling licensed gun dealers to conduct a background check using a phone.[30]
John Laufer III, who stopped the perpetrator, was granted entry into police academy in late 1985, becoming a state trooper the following year. While Laufer had applied for training prior to the shooting, media attention ancouraged officials into the hastened acceptance into the service for Laufer, who had already been graded 49th out of a list of 2,000 applicants.[31] In 2013, Laufer became the police chief of Coatesville, Pennsylvania,[32][33][34] and in 2019, he won a Law Enforcement Officer of the Year award.[35]
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