1990 Nobel Prizes

The 1990 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. ^[1]

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
	Jerome I. Friedman (b. 1930)	American	"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"	[2]
	Henry Way Kendall (1926–1999)
	Richard E. Taylor (1929–2018)	Canadian

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
	Elias James Corey (b. 1928)	American	"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"	[3]

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
	Joseph E. Murray (1919–2012)	United States	"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"	[4]
	E. Donnall Thomas (1920–2012)

Literature

Main article: 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature

Awardee(s)
	Octavio Paz (1914–1998)	Mexico	"for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"	[5]

Peace

Awardee(s)
	Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022)	Soviet Union	"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations."	[6]

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
	Harry Markowitz (1927–2023)	United States	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"	[7]
	Merton Miller (1923–2000)
	William F. Sharpe (b. 1934)

References

1. "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
2. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
3. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
4. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
5. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1990". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
6. "The Nobel Peace Prize 1990". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
7. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2008-10-14.