2014 Hiroshima landslides

Last updated

2014 Hiroshima landslides
Map of Japan with highlight on 34 Hiroshima prefecture.svg
Location of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan
Date20 August 2014 (2014-08-20)
Location Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Coordinates 34°29′13″N132°29′38″E / 34.487°N 132.494°E / 34.487; 132.494
Also known as広島土砂災害(Hiroshima Dosha Saigai), 平成26年8月19日からの豪雨災害(Heisei 26-nen 8 tsuki 19-nichi Kara no Gōu Saigai)
Cause Landslide due to heavy rain
Deaths74 [1]
Non-fatal injuries69 [1]
Missing0 [1]

On 20 August 2014, Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan was struck by a series of landslides following heavy rain. The rain triggered 166 slope failures which included 107 debris flows and 59 shallow slides. [2] The landslides hit residential areas including Kabe, Asakita Ward, Yagi, Yamamoto, Midorii, and Asaminami Ward. [3] Of these areas, the Asakita and Asaminami Wards in Northern Hiroshima were hit the hardest. [2]

Contents

Following the rainfall, Hiroshima issued an evacuation advisory at 4:15 am. Mayor Kazumi Matsui confessed regret over the advisory's late issuance and recommended that the city study the incident to improve the process. Under the law which took effect in 2001, prefectural governments and other authorities must carry out on-site research to designate areas for which evacuation plans and hazard maps will be created. In Hiroshima there are about 32,000 possibly dangerous areas, the highest of all 47 prefectures. There were 44 injuries and 74 deaths. According to the police, the deaths included three boys aged two, three and eleven. [4] [5]

Landslide characteristics

The debris flows covered a 10 km by 2 km region that ran from NE to SW. [2] The most impacted area was Yagi 3-Chome, located near the Midorigaoka prefecture. Within this area, landslides and debris flows occurred behind the Abu-no-Sato housing complex, Mitsuhiro Shine, and Midorigaoka prefectural apartments. [6] The characteristics of some of these flows are described below.

Midorigaoka debris flow

The Midorigaoka debris flow, located in the Asaminami Ward, entered the residential area and spread out across a large area while continuing for a considerable distance. [2] It consisted of mainly coarse granite. [2] This material was transported out of the terminal area of the channel, and deposited into the residential area. [2] Within these deposits, fine granite soil particles were found. [2] After 10 days from the event, large amounts of water was found near the source of this flow, resulting in muddy conditions. [6] Overall, around 33,000m3 of soil mass was generated by the debris flow. [6]

Abu-no-Sato debris flow

The Abu-no-Sato debris flow, located in the Asaminami Ward, consisted of two separate channels. [6] They came to a stop before the residential area, and was about 5m wide and 30m long. [2] It consisted of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks (e.g., hard hornfels rock), with very little granite. [2] [6] The flows went through a narrow gully, then dropped down almost vertically for approximately 5m. [2] Through its travel, the flow picked up various debris which resulted in the deposits consisting of fractured hornfels and colluvium. [2]

A house shed by debris flow Heavy rain disaster in Hiroshima-20140823 175937.jpg
A house shed by debris flow
Rescue operation Heavy rain disaster in Hiroshima-20140823 181734.jpg
Rescue operation

Causes

Rainfall

The main triggering cause for the event was the highly intense, short duration rain that occurred in the area. [2] Due to the warm, moist air from the Akisame front which passed over the western Shugoku Mountains, cumulonimbus clouds began to develop in the northwest of Hiroshima City. [3] These rainy conditions were unusual, highly extreme, and difficult to predict. [2] [3] Following the torrential rain, in which over 200mm of cumulative rainfall fell, [2] several landslides were triggered near a mountain beside the city of Hiroshima. [4] Asakita-ku was the hardest-hit ward. It received 217.5 millimetres (8.56 in) of rain from 1:30 am to 4:30 am causing two landslides which occurred between 4 am and 6 am. This significant volume of rain hit the surface, resulting in constrained groundwater in the water-bearing layer and a development of a head. [6] The layer then collapsed as a result of the confined water pressure's uplift force. [6]

Geological conditions

As there were faults, fracture zones, and joints in the area, there were several locations with significant permeability. [6] Due to the heavy upstream rainfall, the groundwater in these places turned into artesian water. [6] As a result, the slopes experienced destabilization. [6]

The Midorigaoka debris flow was composed of coarse granite, which easily develops sheeting joints and micro-sheeting joints. [2] These joints in weathered granite make the area more easy to erode away. [2] As a result, the volume of the flow increased in size and energy as it flowed down the gully. [2] The deposits were also rich in fine granite soil particles which can decrease the permeability of the flow and cause greater mobility. [2] Due to these characteristics, the flow traveled far and had a great spread. [2] Yagi 3-Chome, which had the most damage reported, lies between an area composed of granite. [6]

The Abu-no-Sato debris flow was composed of hard horfels rock, which is large in size. [2] Thus, the permeability was quite high, resulting in less transportation. [2] The flow deposits, then, did not reach the residential area, but were found at the bottom of the wide and gently-sloped gully. [2] However, deaths still occurred in the area due to a collapse of an old debris flow deposit terrace that mobilized boulders and trees into the complex area. [2]

Casualties

Landslide damage Cloudburst damage of Hiroshima in 2014 Yagi-3.JPG
Landslide damage

As of 20 September 2014, at least 70 people have died as a result of the landslides. One of the dead was a rescue worker killed after the hillside collapsed a second time. [4] Two children, aged 2 and 11, died in a mudslide in Asaminami-ku around 3:20am. [7] The number of casualties was initially feared to be 100. [8] The number missing was reported to be 52 on the morning of 22 August, but in the afternoon it was revised to 47, [9] then to 46 on the morning of the 23rd, and later on the morning of the same day to 43. [10] On 9 September, police announced that they had found one body, which has since been identified. [11] Another body was found on 18 September, [12] which has since then been also identified. [13]

On 23 August, Hiroshima city was considering publishing a list of missing persons to speed up safety confirmation. [14] A missing persons list with 28 names in it was published on 25 August. [15] As of 19 September, all bodies of 28 of those listed have been found and identified. [13] [16]

Burials for two of the youngest victims – eleven years old and two years old – and the firefighter, were conducted on 22 August. [17] [18]

Buddhist memorial service was held on 23 September [19] and Shijukunichi [lower-alpha 1] service for ten victims on 28 September, [20] for several others on 4 October [21] and officially on 7 October. [22]

Rescue efforts

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe directed the military to deploy hundreds of personnel to assist the local rescue teams. [4] Japanese Red Cross [23] and the NPO Peace Winds Japan [24] also sent staff, and an estimated 1,300 people have volunteered. Disaster Volunteer of Hiroshima City decided to discontinue activities on 24 August. [25] Volunteers continued later, but stopped temporarily on 4 September because of bad weather. [26]

An estimated 2,000 [27] –3,600 [28] rescuers consisting of firefighters, police and members of the Self-Defense Force took part in searching and clearing debris despite rain and dangerous conditions that hampered and sometimes halted their efforts. There was also ongoing risk for a secondary disaster, and more rain was forecast for the area. [29] [lower-alpha 2] Consequently, residents on Asakita and Asaminami were told to evacuate. [30] Because schools were being used as shelters, several had to postpone the start dates. [31] All elementary school shelters were closed 1 November. [32]

Evacuation advisories were partially lifted for Asaminami-ku on Sunday, 31 August, allowing about 14,400 persons (around 5700 households) to return to their homes. [33]

Number of persons and households in shelters, by date:

DatePersons(approx.)Households (approx.)
Sunday 31 August [34] 1,010470
1 September [35] [36] 950450
2 September [37] 880410
3 September [38] 810390
4 September [39] 970460
5 September [40] 800390
6 September [41] 690350
7 September [42] 660340
8 September [43] 660330
9 September [44] 630320
10 September [45] [lower-alpha 3] 11070
11 September [46] 10060
12 September [47] 10060
13 September [48] 8050
14 September [49] 10050
15 September [50] 10050
16 September [51] 7050
17 September [52] 8040
18 September [53] 8050
19 September [54] 8040
20 September [1] [lower-alpha 4] 8040
21 September [1] 8040
22 September [1] 7040
23 September [1] 8040
24 September [1] 9050
25 September [1] 270140
26 September [1] 8040
27 September [1] 7030
28 September [1] 5030
29 September [1] 5030
30 September [1] 5030
1 October [1] 5030
2 October [1] 5030
3 October [1] 6030
4 October [1] 5030
5 October [1] 5020
6 October [1] 8040
7 October [1] 4030
8 October [1] 3020
9 October [1] 4020
10 October [1] 4020
11 October [1] 4020
12 October [1] 3020
13 October [1] 5030
14 October [1] 7040
15 October [1] 4020
16 October [1] 3020
17 October [1] 4020
18 October [1] 4020
19 October [1] 3020
20 October [1] 3020
21 October [1] 3020
22 October [1] 3020
23 October [1] 3020
24 October [1] 3010
25 October [1] 2010
26 October [1] 2010
27 October [1] 2010
28 October [1] 2010
29 October [1] 2010
30 October [1] 2010
31 October [1] 2010
1 November [1] 2010
2 November [1] 1010
3 November [1] 1010
4 November [1] 1010
5 November [1] 1010
6 November [1] 1010
7 November [1] 1010
8 November [1] 1010
9 November [1] 1010
10 November [1] 1010
11 November [1] 1010
12 November [1] 1010
13 November [1] 1010
14 November [1] 1010
15 November [1] 1010
16 November [1] 1010
17 November [1] 1010
18 November [1] 1010
19 November [1] 1010
20 November [1] 104
21 November [1] 103
22 November [1] 103
23 November [1] 103
24 November [1] 103
25 November [1] 103
26 November [1] 103
27 November [1] 103
28 November [1] 103
29 November [1] 102
30 November [1] 102
1 December [1] 102
2 December [1] 102
3 December [1] 102
4 December [1] 31
5 December [1] 31
6 December [1] 31
7 December [1] 31
8 December [1] 31
9 December [1] 31
10 December [1] 31
11 December [1] 31
12 December [1] 31
13 December [1] 31
14 December [1] 31
15 December [1] 31
16 December [1] 31
17 December [1] 21
18 December [1] 21
19 December [1] 21
20 December [1] 21
21 December [1] 21
22 December [1] 21
23 December [1] 21
24 December [1] 21
25 December [1] 21

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe planned to visit the disaster area on the morning of 24 August, but bad weather postponed his visit by one day. [55]

The Emperor and Empress visited Hiroshima 3 December, and observed damage and met survivors, SDF personnel, firefighters, police and volunteers. [56]

5 September Cabinet of Japan meeting estimated that 900 million yen is needed for Hiroshima's recovery. (The valuation of the damage caused by the landslide is incomplete.) [57]

Hiroshima prefectural and municipal governments decided to provide 157 public housing units, for evacuees, free of charge. Officials were forced to hold a lottery after 284 households applied. Local governments are also preparing to build temporary housing for those who lost their homes. [58] The procedures will begin on 28 August, which is also the earliest day tenants can move in. [59] According to the city, municipal housing is provided rent-free for up to a maximum six-month stay, as a general rule. [60]

On 2 September, officials issued a new evacuation advisory to parts of Asaminami-ku, fearing that a nearby slope might collapse and cause more damage. This affected around 2,520 persons(about 980 households). [61]

Voluntarily evacuation order was issued 24 September to districts of Asakita and Asaminami-ku because Typhoon 16. [62] At next day, part of it was cancelled. [63]

On 1 October and further 7 October and 17th, evacuation advisories were cancelled for several parts of area. [64] [65] [66]

On 20 November, last evacuation advisory was cancelled and 42 people (16 households) were able to return to their homes. [67]

The last shelter was closed 25 December. [68]

See also

Notes

  1. Lit. "Forty-nine Days." Memorial service to be held forty-ninth day after a person's death.
  2. *The rain advisory issued on 24 August by the Japan Meteorological Agency was removed temporarily when advisories were updated at 11:16 JST, 26 August 2014 *Issued again at 14:35 JST, 27 August 2014 until 19:11 JST, 27 August 2014 *Issued again at 16:49 JST, 3 September 2014 and removed at 16:08 JST, 4 September 2014. *Issued again at 11:14 JST, 6 September 2014 until 18:52 JST, 6 September 2014 *Issued at 13:48 JST, 8 September 2014(At 14:40 JST, 12 September 2014, advisory was changed to "Dry Air"-advisory for most of the prefecture.), removed at 21:10 JST, 14 September 2014. *Advisory issued 15:55 JST, 24 September 2014 because typhoon, removed 13:35 JST, 25 September 2014.*Advisory issued 04:08 JST, 2 October 2014 (changed from "Dry Air"-advisory 16:23 JST, 5 October 2014, because typhoon.), removed 18:10 JST, 6 October 2014.*Issued 23:37 JST, 8 October 2014, removed 12:53 JST, 10 October 2014.*Issued 10:11 JST, 12 October 2014, later updated from advisory to warning. Downgraded back to advisory 21:24 JST, 13 October 2014(changed to "Dry Air"-advisory at 10:03 JST, 14 October 2014), removed 21:23 JST, 19 October 2014.*Issued 16:06 JST, 21 October 2014, removed 16:15 JST, 22 October 2014.*Issued 01:49 JST, 27 October 2014, removed 13:41 JST, 27 October 2014.*Issued 04:22 JST, 9 November 2014(changed to "Dense Fog-advisory" 21:20 JST, 9 November 2014), removed 20:13 JST, 11 November 2014*Issued 16:12 JST, 12 November 2014(changed to "Dry Air"-advisory at 16:11 JST, 13 November 2014), removed 20:05 JST, 16 November 2014.
  3. Counting method was changed. Numbers are headcount of evacuees from "last night at clock 22:00" instead persons recorded.(in this case, 9.9, at 22:00)
  4. Source was changed. Hiroshima Prefecture no longer publishes notices.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suzu, Ishikawa</span> City in Chūbu, Japan

Suzu is a city located in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 13,531 in 6013 households, and a population density of 54.6 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 247.20 square kilometres (95.44 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shichikenjaya Station</span> Railway station in Hiroshima, Japan

Shichikenjaya Station is a JR West Kabe Line station located in Midorii, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

On 14 June, the 2008 Iwate earthquake struck the Tōhoku region of northeastern Honshū in Japan. Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) officially named this earthquake the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake in 2008. This earthquake occurred in the south of the inland of Iwate Prefecture at 8:43 JST on June 14. The JMA magnitude was estimated at MJMA  7.2, and the moment magnitude by USGS was at Mw 6.9. The epicenter was located at 39°01.7′N140°52.8′E, about 85 kilometres (55 mi) north of Sendai and about 385 kilometres (240 mi) north-northeast of Tokyo.

Shigeru Nakanishi is a Japanese artist from Tokyo, Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Neoguri (2014)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2014

Typhoon Neoguri, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Florita, was a large and powerful tropical cyclone which struck Japan in 2014. The eighth named storm and the second typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Neoguri developed into a tropical storm on July 3 and then a typhoon on July 4. It rapidly deepened on July 5, reaching peak intensity late on July 6. Neoguri began to decay on July 7 and passed through Okinawa on July 8 and then making landfall over Kyushu as a severe tropical storm late on July 9. After Neoguri passed through the southern coast of Honshū on July 10, it became extratropical on July 11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Nakri (2014)</span> Pacific severe tropical storm in 2014

Severe Tropical Storm Nakri, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Inday, was a large, long-lived, and slow-moving tropical cyclone that produced prolific rains over Japan and South Korea in early August 2014.

The following is an overview of the year 2018 in Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

An earthquake measuring 6.6 Mw on the moment magnitude scale struck Iburi Subprefecture in southern Hokkaido, Japan, on 6 September 2018 at 3:08 a.m. JST. The earthquake's epicenter was near Tomakomai and occurred at a depth of 35.0 kilometers (21.7 mi). The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) registered a magnitude of 6.7 Mj and a maximum intensity of 7 on the shindo scale. Shaking from the earthquake was felt strongly in Hokkaido and Aomori Prefecture, and shaking was felt as far away as the Kantō region. Long period ground motion (LPGM) during the earthquake reached maximum of class 4 on the JMA LPGM intensity scales. The earthquake disrupted electrical service throughout Hokkaido, leaving 5.3 million residents without power. Forty-one people were confirmed dead and six hundred and ninety-one were injured. The event is officially known as Heisei san-jū-nen Hokkaidō Iburi tōbu jishin.

The 2019 Yamagata earthquake was an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 Mw which struck primarily the Hokuriku region in Japan on 18 June 2019 at 22:22 JST. The epicenter was close to the city of Tsuruoka, Yamagata. A tsunami warning was also issued.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Bualoi</span> Pacific typhoon in 2019

Typhoon Bualoi was a tropical cyclone that formed during October 2019. The fortieth tropical depression, and the eleventh typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Bualoi originated from a disturbance east of the Marshall Islands on October 17, 2019, that quickly organized to a tropical depression on October 19, earning the designated name 22W. Favorable conditions strengthened the depression into a tropical storm. The Japan Meteorological Agency gave it the name Bualoi in response. Bualoi rapidly intensified and became a typhoon on October 20, before its rate of strengthening was stopped by a tropical upper tropospheric trough the following day. The rate was later recommenced through rapid intensification, making Bualoi reach its peak on October 22 as a Category 5-equivalent typhoon, with 10-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and one-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). Bualoi rapidly weakened on October 23 due to wind shear and continued before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone and dissipating on October 25.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Talim (2017)</span> Western Pacific typhoon in 2017

Typhoon Talim, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Lannie, was an intense and destructive tropical cyclone that affected parts of East Asia, especially Japan, during September 2017. The eighteenth named storm and the sixth typhoon of the 2017 Pacific typhoon season, Talim's origins can be traced back to an area of low-pressure that the Joint Typhoon Warning Center first monitored on September 6. The disturbance was upgraded to a tropical depression by the Japan Meteorological Agency only two days later, and it became a tropical storm on September 9, earning the name Talim. Talim grew stronger over the next few days, eventually becoming a typhoon the next day. Within a favorable environment, the typhoon rapidly intensified after passing through the Ryukyu Islands. However, as it moved eastward, Talim started to weaken due to wind shear, and on September 16, it was downgraded to a tropical storm. The storm passed over Japan, near Kyushu the next day, before becoming extratropical on September 18. The extratropical remnants were last noted by the JMA four days later, before dissipating fully on September 22.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March 2021 Miyagi earthquake</span> Earthquakes in Japan

On March 20, 2021 at 18:09 JST. The magnitude 6.9 or 7.0 earthquake struck offshore east of Tōhoku, Japan at a depth of 54.0 kilometers (33.6 mi) to 60 kilometers (37 mi). It had a maximum JMA intensity of Shindo 5+ while on the Mercalli intensity scale, it earned a rating of VII. Power outages and some slight damage in Miyagi was reported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Gilda (1974)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1974

Typhoon Gilda, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Deling was a destructive, deadly, costly and long-lived tropical cyclone that left over 145 confirmed deaths over Japan and South Korea, mostly due to torrential rainfall that induced landslides, all generated by the typhoon and its associated meiyu front. The eighth named storm and third typhoon of the 1974 Pacific typhoon season, the system was first noted by the China Meteorological Agency as an area of convection embedded on a trough, to the north of Enewetak Atoll on June 25. It was named Gilda on June 30 as it strengthened to a tropical storm. Under a favorable environment, it strengthened to a typhoon two days later as it moved northwestward. Another trough pulled Gilda poleward while changing less in intensity, until it intensified to a Category 2 typhoon as it battered the Ryukyu Islands at its peak. Increasing wind shear gradually weakened the system; however, it remained as a minimal typhoon until it passed through the southern tip of South Korea on July 6, where it weakened to a tropical storm. Colder waters in the Sea of Japan and high shear further degraded Gilda, until it transitioned to an extratropical low as it made landfall near Hokkaido on July 9. The remnants of the system briefly intensified near the Kuril Islands before weakening and dissipating on July 17 over the Sea of Okhotsk.

The 2016 Tottori earthquake is an earthquake that occurred in central Tottori Prefecture in Japan on October 21, 2016. It measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale. The earthquake left 32 people injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Shizuoka earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

The 2011 Shizuoka earthquake occurred approximately 42 km (26 mi) north-northeast of Shizuoka City at 22:31 JST, 15 March 2011. The magnitude was Mw  6.0 or MJMA  6.4, and the depth was 9 km (5.6 mi). The hypocenter of this earthquake is thought to have been near the presumed location of the magma chamber of Mount Fuji. It may have been a triggered earthquake caused by the Tohoku earthquake, which occurred four days earlier, on 11 March 2011. It was sinistral strike-slip fault earthquake. It had a maximum JMA intensity of Shindo 6+ (Fujinomiya) or VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake left 80 people injured, and caused some power outages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Chiba earthquake</span> 2021 earthquake in Japan

The 2021 Chiba earthquake was an earthquake that occurred in Japan at 22:41 JST on October 7, 2021. The epicenter was recorded approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) southwest of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture. The earthquake struck a depth of around 62.0 kilometers (38.5 mi) to 75.0 kilometers (46.6 mi) with a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale. A maximum intensity of Shindo 5+ was recorded, equivalent to VI (Strong) on the Mercalli scale. It was the strongest earthquake to strike the Tokyo area since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Fukushima earthquake</span> Severe off-shore earthquake near Fukushima, Japan

On March 16, 2022, at 23:36 JST, a strong earthquake struck off the coast of Fukushima, Japan. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.4 according to the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA), while the United States Geological Survey (USGS) gave an estimate of 7.3. Immediately after the event a 30‑cm tsunami was reported. The event is known in Japanese as Fukushima-ken Oki Jishin. As a result of this natural disaster, four people died and 247 were injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Noto earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

On 5 May 2023, a MJMA 6.5 or Mw 6.3 earthquake struck off the coast of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It was located 49 kilometres northeast of Anamizu, Hōsu District, with the town of Suzu closest to the epicenter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Hyūga-nada earthquake</span> Earthquake in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan

On 8 August 2024, at 16:42:55 JST, a Mw 7.1 earthquake struck in the Hyūga Sea off the coast of Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Nichinan.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 "「平成26年8月20日の豪雨災害」への対応について(12月26日9時現在)" (PDF). Hiroshima City. 26 December 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Wang, Fawu; Wu, Ying-Hsin; Yang, Hufeng; Tanida, Yuta; Kamei, Atsushi (24 July 2015). "Preliminary investigation of the 20 August 2014 debris flows triggered by a severe rainstorm in Hiroshima City, Japan". Geoenvironmental Disasters. 2 (1): 17. doi: 10.1186/s40677-015-0025-6 . ISSN   2197-8670. S2CID   55239799.
  3. 1 2 3 "日本地質学会 – 2014年8月20日広島における土砂災害,特に地質要因(2014.9.2)". geosociety.jp. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Japan landslides kill 32 in Hiroshima prefecture". BBC News. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  5. Hanai, Toru (20 August 2014). "Landslides hit Japan's Hiroshima, killing at least 36". Reuters. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tsuchida, Takashi; Moriwaki, Takeo; Nakai, Shinji; Athapaththu, A. M. R. G. (1 August 2019). "Investigation and consideration on landslide zoning of multiple slope failures and debris flows of 2014 disaster in Hiroshima, Japan". Soils and Foundations. 59 (4): 1085–1102. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2018.12.012 . ISSN   0038-0806. S2CID   135386139.
  7. "Hiroshima slide alert said tardy; toll hits 39 as search for missing seven continues". The Japan Times . 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  8. "Japan landslide: Death toll rises to 39 in Hiroshima". BBC News. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  9. "広島土砂災害の死者41人に 不明47人、捜索は難航". Asahi Shimbun . 23 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  10. "死者42人に=広島県警". Jiji Press. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  11. "広島 1人の遺体発見 不明者か". NHK. 9 September 2014. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  12. "広島 捜索現場で遺体発見 不明女性か". NHK. 18 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  13. 1 2 "広島土砂災害 遺体は不明女性と確認". NHK. 19 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  14. "新たに8遺体 死者49人、不明41人に…広島土砂災害". The Hochi Shimbun. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  15. "土砂災害 広島市が行方不明者の名簿公表へ". Yomiuri telecasting. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  16. "広島土砂災害 残る1人の捜索に全力". NHK. 10 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  17. "広島豪雨災害、41人死亡46人不明". Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  18. "消防隊員の告別式営まれる 広島土砂災害". Nippon News Network. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  19. "土砂災害被災地で犠牲者の法要". NHK. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  20. "広島土砂災害 犠牲者の四十九日法要". NHK. 28 September 2014. Archived from the original on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  21. "広島土砂災害 四十九日前に法要". NHK. 4 October 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  22. "広島土砂災害 四十九日に犠牲者を追悼". NHK. 8 October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  23. "<広島土砂災害>日赤県支部が救護班派遣". Yomiuri online. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  24. "広島の土砂災害に「災害救助犬」-神石高原町のNPOが派遣 /広島". JP: Yahoo. 21 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  25. "広島土砂災害の死者50人に、捜索活動再開". Tokyo Broadcasting System. 24 August 2014. Archived from the original on 24 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  26. "広島土砂災害、不明者の捜索再開". Tokyo Broadcasting System. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  27. "広島の土砂災害 不明2人の捜索続く". NHK. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  28. "捜索阻む降雨・土砂 広島土砂災害、死者50人・不明38人". The Chugoku Shimbun. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  29. "土砂災害 死者49人不明のおそれ41人". NHK. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  30. "クローズアップ2014:広島土砂災害、72時間経過 捜索阻む「壁」". Mainichi newspapers. 24 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  31. "広島)避難所の4小学校、授業開始を延期". The Asahi Shimbun. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  32. "広島土砂災害 小学校の避難所 すべて閉鎖". NHK. 1 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  33. "Officials in Hiroshima lift evacuation advisories in mudslide-hit city". The Japan Times . 31 August 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  34. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第37報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  35. "Hiroshima schools used as evacuation centers resume classes after mudslides". The Japan Times . 1 September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  36. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第39報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 1 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  37. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第40報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 2 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  38. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第43報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  39. "8月19日からの大雨による被害などについて(第45報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  40. "8月19日からの大雨による被害などについて(第47報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 5 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  41. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第49報)". Hiroshima Prefecture. 6 September 2014. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  42. "8月19日からの大雨による被害などについて(第51報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 7 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  43. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第52報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  44. "8月19日からの大雨による被害などについて(第55報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 9 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  45. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第57報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 10 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  46. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第59報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 11 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  47. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第61報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 12 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  48. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第62報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 13 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  49. "8月19日からの大雨による被害などについて(第63報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 14 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  50. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第64報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  51. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第65報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  52. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第66報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  53. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第67報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  54. "8月19日からの大雨による被害などについて(第68報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 19 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  55. "安倍総理、広島の土砂災害現場きょう視察へ". TV Asahi. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  56. "両陛下 広島で土砂災害の被災者見舞う". NHK. 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  57. "礼文など激甚災害指定 夏の豪雨被害、政府が正式決定". Hokkaido Shimbun. 5 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  58. "Hiroshima slide toll rises to 71 dead, 18 missing; mayor admits delayed alert". The Japan Times . 27 August 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  59. "広島土砂災害、住宅対策が急務". Tokyo Broadcasting System. 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  60. "広島土砂災害、市営住宅入居へ". Fukushima-minpo. 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  61. "8月19日(火)からの大雨による被害等について(第41報)" (PDF). Hiroshima Prefecture. 2 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  62. "広島市が大雨に備え避難準備情報". NHK. 24 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  63. "広島市安佐南区の避難勧告 一部解除". NHK. 25 September 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  64. "広島土砂災害 避難勧告一部を解除". NHK. 1 October 2014. Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  65. "広島の土砂災害 避難勧告の半数を解除". NHK. 7 October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  66. "広島土砂災害 避難勧告の大半を解除". NHK. 17 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  67. "広島 土砂災害の避難勧告 すべて解除". NHK. 20 November 2014. Archived from the original on 20 November 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  68. "広島 土砂災害の避難所すべて閉鎖". NHK. 25 December 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.