435th Bombardment Squadron

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435th Bombardment Squadron
B-29 Bomber on a long range mission in late 1945.jpg
B-29 Superfortress as flown by the squadron
Active1942–1944; 1944; 1944–1946
CountryFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States
BranchFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force
Role Heavy bomber
NicknameKangaroo Squadron [1]
Engagements Southwest Pacific Theater
Pacific Ocean Theater [2]
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation [2]
Insignia
435th Bombardment Squadron emblem [a] [2] 435 Bombardment Sq emblem.png

The 435th Bombardment Squadron, also known as the "Kangaroo" Squadron, is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was formed in Australia in March 1942 as the 40th Reconnaissance Squadron and participated in combat in the Southwest Pacific Theater until November, when it was withdrawn from combat and returned to the United States, where it acted as a Replacement Training Unit until October 1943, when its personnel and equipment were withdrawn.

Contents

The squadron was activated in April 1944 as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit, but was inactivated six weeks later, when B-29 groups reorganized from four to three squadrons. It activated again later that summer, and trained with B-29s until une 1945, when it deployed to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, just before V-J Day. It remained on Okinawa until it was inactivated on 28 May 1946.

History

Background

In the fall of 1941, the 19th Bombardment Group began moving to reinforce the Philippine Department Air Force. By the time of the Attack on Clark Field and the Attack on Pearl Harbor in December, group headquarters and its assigned 28th and 93d Bombardment Squadrons and attached 14th Bombardment Squadron were located in the Philippines. [3] [4] [5] [6] Its 32nd Bombardment Squadron had begun deploying from the Pacific coast. [7] However, its 38th Reconnaissance Squadron, which arrived at Hickam Field, Hawaii as it was under attack, was used to reinforce the Hawaiian Islands. [8] The reformed 38th Squadron remained in the United States. In mid-March 1942, the 38th was attached to the 303d Bombardment Group and 5th Air Force was authorized to organize the 40th Reconnaissance Squadron in its place. [9]

Combat in the Southwest Pacific

Squadron B-17E Flying Fortress B-17E 41-2656 435th Bomb Squadron Chief Seattle.jpg
Squadron B-17E Flying Fortress

The 40th was organized at RAAF Base Townsville, Australia in March 1942 combining personnel and equipment already in theater and new arrivals. It initially equipped with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated LB-30 Liberator heavy bombers. Almost immediately upon formation, the squadron was called upon to provide three of its B-17s to evacuate General Douglas MacArthur and Philippines President Manuel Quezon from Del Monte Field in the Philippine Islands. [2]

The following month the squadron was redesignated the 435th Bombardment Squadron. In May, the squadron participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea, staging through Port Moresby, New Guinea and attacking the Japanese fleet. [3] A report from a B-17 of the squadron of sighting an aircraft carrier convinced American naval commanders that fleet carriers were accompanying the Japanese invasion force. [10]

It raided enemy transportation and communications targets and Japanese ground forces during th invasion of Papua New Guinea. It was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for bombing airdromes, ground installations and shipping near New Britain and Rabaul from 7 to 12 August 1942. The squadron was withdrawn from combat in November 1942 and returned to the United States on paper. [2] [3]

Training unit

The squadron reorganized at Pyote Army Air Base, Texas in January 1943 and began operations as a B-17 Replacement Training Unit in February. [2] Replacement training units were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters. [11] It stopped its training activities in October 1943, when its personnel were withdrawn. However it remained active as a paper unit until 1 April 1944, when it was inactivated in a general reorganization by the Army Air Forces of its training activities in the United States. [2]

Return to the Pacific with B-29s

The squadron was reactivated the same day at Great Bend Army Air Field, Kansas as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress squadron. However, B-29 groups were reorganized from four squadrons of 7 airplanes into three squadrons of 10 planes each, [12] and the squadron was inactivated on 10 May 1944. [2]

New B-29 groups were being formed, and the squadron was again activated at Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas on 7 July 1944, and assigned to the 333d Bombardment Group. The 333d Group was a former heavy bomber training unit that had been inactivated in the spring of 1944. [13] The squadron trained with Superfortresses until June 1945, when it departed for the Pacific to become an element of Eighth Air Force, which was organizing on Okinawa [14] as a second very heavy bomber air force in the Pacific. However, the squadron did not arrive at its combat station, Kadena Airfield, until it was too late to participate in combat. The squadron flew show-of-force missions and its aircraft helped evacuate prisoners of war from Japan to airfields in the Philippines. The unit was inactivated on 28 May 1946. [2] [13]

Lineage

Redesignated 435th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 22 April 1942
Inactivated on 1 April 1944
Inactivated on 10 May 1944
Inactivated on 28 May 1946 [2]

Assignments

Stations

Aircraft

Awards and campaigns

Award streamerAwardDatesNotes
Streamer PUC Army.PNG Distinguished Unit Citation 7–12 August 1942New Britain 435th Bombardment Squadron [2]
Streamer PUC Army.PNG Distinguished Unit Citation23 July – c. 13 November 1942Papua 435th Bombardment Squadron [2]
Streamer PUC Army.PNG Distinguished Unit Citation10 September – 10 October 1942New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and Solomon Islands 435th Bombardment Squadron [2]
Streamer PPUC.PNG Philippine Presidential Unit Citation 14 March 1942 – 10 May 1942435th Bombardment Squadron [2]
Campaign StreamerCampaignDatesNotes
Streamer APC.PNG Philippine Islands14 March 1942–10 May 194240th Reconnaissance Squadron (later 435th Bombardment Squadron) [2]
Streamer APC.PNG East Indies14 March 1942–22 July 194240th Reconnaissance Squadron (later 435th Bombardment Squadron) [2]
Streamer APC.PNG Guadalcanal7 August 1942–c. 15 November 1942435th Bombardment Squadron [2]
Streamer APC.PNG Papua23 July 1942–c. 15 November 1942435th Bombardment Squadron [2]
Streamer AC.PNG American Theater without inscriptionc. 30 December 1942–19 June 1945435th Bombardment Squadron [2]

See also

Notes

Explanatory notes
  1. ↑ Approved 6 May 1943. Description: On a blue disc, border white, a kangaroo leaping proper, in front of a large white cloud formation, peering through a telescope grasped in the forelegs and holding a large gold aerial bomb in a loop of the tail.
  2. ↑ Aircraft is Boeing B-17E Flying Fortress, serial 41-2656, Chief Seattle It was assigned to the squadron on 29 May 1942. It was Lost over Buna, Papua New Guinea, 14 August 1942 on a reconnaissance mission, its crew was missing in action.
Citations
  1. ↑ Dunn, Peter (28 May 2006). "435th Bomb Squadron The "Kangaroo Squadron" 19th Bomb Group - USAAF in Australia During WW2". Peter Dunn's Australia at War. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 537-538
  3. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 65-68
  4. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 141-143
  5. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 311-312
  6. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 76-77
  7. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 156-157
  8. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 523-525
  9. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 523-525, 537-538
  10. ↑ D'Albas, p. 97
  11. ↑ Craven & Cate, Introduction, p. xxxvi
  12. ↑ Cate, p.122-123
  13. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 213-214
  14. ↑ Maurer, Combat Units, p. 463

Bibliography

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Cate, James L. (1953). "The Twentieth Air Force and Matterhorn, Chapter 5, Exit Matterhorn". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II (PDF). Vol. V, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. LCCN   48003657. OCLC   704158 . Retrieved 17 December 2016.
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