Adirondack High Peaks

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The Adirondack High Peaks are a set of 46 mountain peaks in the Adirondack Mountains of New York state. They have been popular hiking destinations since the late 1920s, when the list of peaks was published in Russell Carson's book Peaks and Peoples of the Adirondacks. [1] Those who have climbed all 46 High Peaks are eligible to join the Adirondack Forty-Sixers club. [2]

Contents

Origin

The list of peaks was originally compiled by the mountaineers Herbert Clark, Bob Marshall, and George Marshall, with input from Russell Carson. The Marshall brothers wished to climb every notable peak in the Adirondacks, which they accomplished with Clark between 1918 and 1925. The criteria used were that all peaks should be at least 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in elevation and either have 300 feet (91 m) of prominence or 0.75 miles (1.21 km) of distance from another peak. Several exceptions to these rules were made to include or exclude peaks based on their preferences; Gray Peak, Wright Peak, Armstrong Mountain, Upper Wolfjaw Mountain, and South Dix were included but did not meet either the prominence or distance rule, while Little Marcy, Yard Mountain, and two then-unnamed peaks were excluded. Later surveys revealed that Blake Peak, Cliff Mountain, Couchsachraga Peak, and Nye Mountain are under 4,000 feet in elevation, but no mountains have been removed or added to the list due to tradition. [3]

Location

All but three of the peaks are located in central and northern Essex County, primarily south of Lake Placid and Keene Valley. The others are just to the west in Franklin County. All of the summits are on land owned by New York State as part of its Forest Preserve. Forty-two are in a vast tract of nearly 300,000 acres (1,200 km2) known as the High Peaks Wilderness Area, subdivided into central (26 peaks) and outer (16 peaks) zones. Nine of the peaks in the outer zone are in an area formerly known as the Dix Mountain Wilderness Area, which was added to the High Peaks Wilderness in 2018. [4] Giant Mountain and Rocky Peak Ridge are in the adjacent Giant Mountain Wilderness Area. Whiteface Mountain and Esther Mountain are set slightly to the north, in Wilmington.

Mountain ranges

There are many Mountain ranges within the High Peaks. The Dix Range includes five out of the forty-six High Peaks: Macomb, Grace Peak, South Dix, Hough, and Dix Mountain. The Great Range includes seven out of the forty-six High Peaks: Lower Wolfjaw, Upper Wolfjaw, Armstrong, Gothics, Saddleback, Basin, and Haystack. The Seward Range includes four out of the forty-six High Peaks: Seward, Donaldson, Emmons, and Seymour Mountain. [5] The MacIntyre Range includes four out of the forty-six High Peaks: Mount Marshall, Wright, Algonquin and Iroquois. [6] The Santanoni Range includes three out of the forty-six High Peaks: Santanoni, Panther, and Couchsachraga.

View from Algonquin Peak: (left to right) Pitchoff, Cascade, Porter, Big Slide, Yard, Phelps, Tabletop, Giant, Lower Wolfjaw, Upper Wolfjaw, Armstrong, Gothics, Saddleback, Basin, Nippletop and Dix, Hough, Marcy, Gray, Skylight, and Colden (foreground) AlgonquinTopPanorama.jpg
View from Algonquin Peak: (left to right) Pitchoff, Cascade, Porter, Big Slide, Yard, Phelps, Tabletop, Giant, Lower Wolfjaw, Upper Wolfjaw, Armstrong, Gothics, Saddleback, Basin, Nippletop and Dix, Hough, Marcy, Gray, Skylight, and Colden (foreground)

Ecosystems

A warning sign for hikers entering the alpine zone of Mount Skylight Adirondack Alpine Zone.png
A warning sign for hikers entering the alpine zone of Mount Skylight

The region contains many alpine lakes and meadows, wetlands, streams, and forests. Atop the highest peaks, above the tree line, lies a small alpine ecosystem, a remnant of a larger lowland tundra that retreated uphill following the most recent period of glaciation. The amount of this ecosystem is constantly changing due to variation in the climate from year to year, and has been estimated by different methods to only cover between 65–85 acres (26–34 ha). The alpine ecosystem is considered extremely fragile to damage from hikers, and the Adirondack Mountain Club launched an education campaign to avoid further damage in the 1970s, since which some peaks have seen documented recovery. [7]

The Eastern High Peaks Wilderness area is the most regulated area. Fires are not permitted; dogs must be leashed; overnight groups are limited to eight people and day groups to 15; and bear-resistant food canisters are required from April through November. Camping is prohibited above any elevation greater than 4,000 feet on any of the Adirondack High Peaks. [8]

Reaching the summits

Of the two highest peaks, Algonquin Peak is regarded as a more challenging hike than Mount Marcy. Twenty of the peaks have no official trail to the top, although rough informal routes, commonly referred to as "herd paths," have developed over the years. No true bushwhacking is required on any of the peaks, although some trails are still quite primitive. [9]

The summit of Whiteface Mountain can alternatively be reached by motor vehicle on the Whiteface Mountain Veterans' Memorial Highway. [10]

The High Peaks

Mount Marcy from Mount Haystack Adirondacks Mount Marcy From Mount Haystack.JPG
Mount Marcy from Mount Haystack
Giant Mountain seen from Noonmark Mountain Giant Mountain (NY).jpg
Giant Mountain seen from Noonmark Mountain
Big Slide Mountain from Cascade Mountain Big Slide Mountain from Cascade.jpg
Big Slide Mountain from Cascade Mountain
Mount Emmons and Mount Donaldson from Seward Mt Emmons and Mt Donaldson NY.jpg
Mount Emmons and Mount Donaldson from Seward
Mountain [11] Height [12] Prominence RankCoordinates
Mount Marcy 5,344 ft (1,629 m)4,914 ft (1,498 m)1 44°06′46″N73°55′25″W / 44.1127°N 73.9237°W / 44.1127; -73.9237 [13]
Algonquin Peak 5,114 ft (1,559 m)2,100 ft (640 m)2 44°08′37″N73°59′12″W / 44.1436°N 73.9867°W / 44.1436; -73.9867 [14]
Mount Haystack 4,960 ft (1,510 m)840 ft (260 m)3 44°06′20″N73°54′02″W / 44.1056°N 73.9006°W / 44.1056; -73.9006 [15]
Mount Skylight 4,924 ft (1,501 m)578 ft (176 m)4 44°05′58″N73°55′51″W / 44.0994°N 73.9308°W / 44.0994; -73.9308 [16]
Whiteface Mountain 4,867 ft (1,483 m)3,110 ft (950 m)5 44°21′57″N73°54′10″W / 44.3658°N 73.9028°W / 44.3658; -73.9028 [17]
Dix Mountain 4,857 ft (1,480 m)2,830 ft (860 m)6 44°04′56″N73°47′11″W / 44.0822°N 73.7864°W / 44.0822; -73.7864 [18]
Gray Peak 4,840 ft (1,480 m)102 ft (31 m)7 44°06′41″N73°56′06″W / 44.1114°N 73.9349°W / 44.1114; -73.9349 [19]
Iroquois Peak 4,840 ft (1,480 m)151 ft (46 m)8 44°08′13″N73°59′54″W / 44.1370°N 73.9982°W / 44.1370; -73.9982 [20]
Basin Mountain 4,827 ft (1,471 m)725 ft (221 m)9 44°07′16″N73°53′11″W / 44.1212°N 73.8863°W / 44.1212; -73.8863 [21]
Gothics 4,736 ft (1,444 m)699 ft (213 m)10 44°07′41″N73°51′26″W / 44.1281°N 73.8571°W / 44.1281; -73.8571 [22]
Mount Colden 4,714 ft (1,437 m)876 ft (267 m)11 44°07′37″N73°57′36″W / 44.1270°N 73.9599°W / 44.1270; -73.9599 [23]
Giant Mountain 4,627 ft (1,410 m)2,953 ft (900 m)12 44°09′40″N73°43′13″W / 44.1611°N 73.7202°W / 44.1611; -73.7202 [24]
Nippletop 4,620 ft (1,410 m)1,380 ft (420 m)13 44°05′21″N73°48′59″W / 44.0892°N 73.8163°W / 44.0892; -73.8163 [25]
Santanoni Peak 4,607 ft (1,404 m)2,430 ft (740 m)14 44°04′57″N74°07′52″W / 44.0825°N 74.1312°W / 44.0825; -74.1312 [26]
Mount Redfield 4,606 ft (1,404 m)242 ft (74 m)15 44°05′41″N73°57′00″W / 44.0948°N 73.9499°W / 44.0948; -73.9499 [27]
Wright Peak 4,580 ft (1,400 m)270 ft (82 m)16 44°09′06″N73°58′49″W / 44.1517°N 73.9803°W / 44.1517; -73.9803 [28]
Saddleback Mountain 4,515 ft (1,376 m)380 ft (120 m)17 44°07′36″N73°52′31″W / 44.1267°N 73.8752°W / 44.1267; -73.8752 [29]
Panther Peak 4,442 ft (1,354 m)275 ft (84 m) 18 44°05′54″N74°07′56″W / 44.0984°N 74.1321°W / 44.0984; -74.1321 [30]
Table Top Mountain 4,427 ft (1,349 m)430 ft (130 m)19 44°08′27″N73°54′59″W / 44.1407°N 73.9163°W / 44.1407; -73.9163 [31]
Rocky Peak Ridge 4,420 ft (1,350 m)640 ft (200 m)20 44°09′16″N73°42′20″W / 44.1544°N 73.7056°W / 44.1544; -73.7056 [32]
Macomb Mountain 4,405 ft (1,343 m)584 ft (178 m)21 44°03′06″N73°46′48″W / 44.0517°N 73.7801°W / 44.0517; -73.7801 [33]
Armstrong Mountain 4,400 ft (1,300 m)98 ft (30 m)22 44°08′05″N73°50′56″W / 44.1348°N 73.8490°W / 44.1348; -73.8490 [34]
Hough Peak 4,400 ft (1,300 m)374 ft (114 m)23 44°04′10″N73°46′39″W / 44.0695°N 73.7776°W / 44.0695; -73.7776 [35]
Seward Mountain 4,361 ft (1,329 m)2,030 ft (620 m)24 44°09′35″N74°11′59″W / 44.1597°N 74.1997°W / 44.1597; -74.1997 [36]
Mount Marshall 4,360 ft (1,330 m)493 ft (150 m)25 44°07′39″N74°00′42″W / 44.1275°N 74.0118°W / 44.1275; -74.0118 [37]
Allen Mountain 4,340 ft (1,320 m)640 ft (200 m)26 44°04′15″N73°56′23″W / 44.0708°N 73.9397°W / 44.0708; -73.9397 [38]
Big Slide Mountain 4,240 ft (1,290 m)1,049 ft (320 m)27 44°10′56″N73°52′13″W / 44.1823°N 73.8704°W / 44.1823; -73.8704 [39]
Esther Mountain 4,240 ft (1,290 m)302 ft (92 m)28 44°23′13″N73°53′24″W / 44.3870°N 73.8899°W / 44.3870; -73.8899 [40]
Upper Wolfjaw Mountain 4,185 ft (1,276 m)280 ft (85 m)29 44°08′26″N73°50′43″W / 44.1405°N 73.8453°W / 44.1405; -73.8453 [41]
Lower Wolfjaw Mountain 4,175 ft (1,273 m)663 ft (202 m)30 44°08′54″N73°49′57″W / 44.1484°N 73.8326°W / 44.1484; -73.8326 [42]
Street Mountain 4,166 ft (1,270 m)1,280 ft (390 m)31 44°10′45″N74°01′38″W / 44.1793°N 74.0272°W / 44.1793; -74.0272 [43]
Phelps Mountain 4,161 ft (1,268 m)200 ft (61 m)32 44°09′25″N73°55′17″W / 44.1570°N 73.9215°W / 44.1570; -73.9215 [44]
Donaldson Mountain 4,140 ft (1,260 m)138 ft (42 m)33 44°09′14″N74°12′40″W / 44.1539°N 74.2110°W / 44.1539; -74.2110 [45]
Seymour Mountain 4,120 ft (1,260 m)1,020 ft (310 m)34 44°09′30″N74°10′22″W / 44.1582°N 74.1727°W / 44.1582; -74.1727 [46]
Sawteeth 4,100 ft (1,200 m)490 ft (150 m)35 44°06′48″N73°51′03″W / 44.1133°N 73.8507°W / 44.1133; -73.8507 [47]
Cascade Mountain 4,098 ft (1,249 m)1,180 ft (360 m)36 44°13′07″N73°51′38″W / 44.2186°N 73.8606°W / 44.2186; -73.8606 [48]
South Dix 4,060 ft (1,240 m)164 ft (50 m)37 44°03′36″N73°46′27″W / 44.0600°N 73.7743°W / 44.0600; -73.7743 [49]
Porter Mountain 4,059 ft (1,237 m)330 ft (100 m)38 44°12′55″N73°50′37″W / 44.2153°N 73.8436°W / 44.2153; -73.8436 [50]
Mount Colvin 4,057 ft (1,237 m)750 ft (230 m)39 44°05′38″N73°50′04″W / 44.0939°N 73.8344°W / 44.0939; -73.8344 [51]
Mount Emmons 4,040 ft (1,230 m)102 ft (31 m)40 44°08′37″N74°12′50″W / 44.1437°N 74.2140°W / 44.1437; -74.2140 [52]
Dial Mountain 4,020 ft (1,230 m)164 ft (50 m)41 44°06′21″N73°47′46″W / 44.1059°N 73.7960°W / 44.1059; -73.7960 [53]
Grace Peak 4,012 ft (1,223 m)319 ft (97 m)42 44°03′55″N73°45′27″W / 44.0653°N 73.7574°W / 44.0653; -73.7574 [54]
Blake Peak 3,960 ft (1,210 m)558 ft (170 m)43 44°04′53″N73°50′41″W / 44.0814°N 73.8446°W / 44.0814; -73.8446 [55]
Cliff Mountain 3,960 ft (1,210 m)466 ft (142 m)44 44°06′11″N73°58′30″W / 44.1031°N 73.9751°W / 44.1031; -73.9751 [56]
Nye Mountain 3,895 ft (1,187 m)130 ft (40 m)45 44°11′14″N74°01′26″W / 44.1873°N 74.0238°W / 44.1873; -74.0238 [57]
Couchsachraga Peak 3,820 ft (1,160 m)250 ft (76 m)46 44°05′44″N74°09′37″W / 44.0956°N 74.1602°W / 44.0956; -74.1602 [58]

Although a survey in the mid-20th century placed MacNaughton Mountain at 4,000 feet (1,219 m), [12] a more recent survey listed the mountain at 3,983 feet (1,214 m). [59]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adirondack Forty-Sixers</span> Mountain climber organization

The Adirondack Forty-Sixers are an organization of hikers who have climbed all forty-six of the traditionally recognized High Peaks of the Adirondack Mountains. They are often referred to just as 46ers. As of 2021, there were nearly 14,000 registered forty-sixers. The organization primarily supports efforts to maintain the Adirondack High Peaks Wilderness, and encourages aspiring members through a correspondents program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iroquois Peak</span> Mountain in the United States

Iroquois Peak is a mountain in the MacIntyre Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the eighth-highest peak in New York, with an elevation of 4,840 feet (1,480 m), and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Newcomb in Essex County. Although the mountain does not have an officially maintained trail, a well-maintained herd path marked by cairns exists between the summits of Iroquois Peak and Algonquin Peak, 1.1 miles (1.8 km) to the northeast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gray Peak (New York)</span> Mountain in United States

Gray Peak is a mountain located in the town of Keene in Essex County, New York. It is the seventh-highest of the Adirondack High Peaks, with an elevation of 4,840 feet (1,480 m), and is located in close proximity to Mount Marcy, the highest peak in New York. Gray Peak is southwest of Mount Marcy and southeast of Mount Colden. The first recorded ascent of the peak was made on September 16, 1872, by surveyor Verplanck Colvin and guide Bill Nye. It was named for Asa Gray by Colvin. Although the mountain is only 0.6 miles (0.97 km) from the summit of Marcy and lacked prominence desired by the Marshall brothers for inclusion in the High Peaks, it was added to the list to preserve the name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Peak Ridge</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Rocky Peak Ridge is the twentieth highest peak in the High Peaks Region of the Adirondack Park of New York, United States. The name of the mountain is due to its geology, a rocky ridge to the east of the better known Giant Mountain. The long, bare ridge is unusual in the Adirondacks; it resulted from the last great forest fire in the region, in 1913.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esther Mountain</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Esther Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain is the northernmost of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Mountains and its 28th highest peak. It was the only High Peak named for a woman until 2014, having been named in honor of Esther McComb, who made the first recorded climb to the summit in 1839, at age 15; at the time she was attempting to climb Whiteface Mountain from the north.

Grace Peak is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. It is part of the Dix Range, named after John A. Dix (1798–1879), New York Secretary of State in 1837, and later Governor. The mountain was formerly called East Dix, but in 2014 it was officially renamed Grace Peak in honor of Grace Hudowalski (1906–2004), who in 1937 became the ninth person and first woman to climb all 46 of the Adirondack High Peaks. Grace Peak is flanked to the northeast by Spotted Mountain, and to the southwest by South Dix.

South Dix is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain is part of the Dix Range, named after John A. Dix (1798–1879), New York Secretary of State in 1837, and later Governor. The name is being changed to Carson Peak, after Russell M.L. Carson (1884–1961), author of Peaks and People of the Adirondacks. South Dix is flanked to the northeast by Grace Peak, to the northwest by Hough Peak, and to the southwest by Macomb Mountain.

Macomb Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain is named after Maj. Gen. Alexander Macomb (1782–1841), who won acclaim during the War of 1812 at the Battle of Plattsburgh, and served as Commanding General of the United States Army (1828–1841).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hough Peak</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Hough Peak is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain, part of the Dix Range, is named after Franklin B. Hough (1822–1885), the first chief of the United States Division of Forestry, and sometimes called the "father of American forestry". Hough Peak is flanked to the north by Dix Mountain, and to the south by South Dix.

Table Top Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County in the U.S. State of New York. Table Top Mtn. is flanked to the north by Phelps Mountain, and to the south by Mount Marcy. Table Top has three summits; the southernmost is the highest, followed by the middle peak at 4,308 ft (1,313 m) and the north peak at 4,216 ft (1,285 m).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allen Mountain (New York)</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Allen Mountain is located in Essex County, New York. It is part of the Marcy Group of the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains, and is flanked to the north by Mount Skylight.

Mount Redfield is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain is part of the Marcy Group of the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains. Mount Redfield is flanked to the northwest by Cliff Mountain, and to the northeast by Mount Skylight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Mountain (Keene Valley, New York)</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Armstrong Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York, named after Thomas Armstrong, a local pioneer. The mountain is part of the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains. Armstrong Mtn. is flanked to the southwest by Gothics, and to the northeast by Upper Wolfjaw Mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saddleback Mountain (Keene, New York)</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Saddleback Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain is part of the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains. The 0.2 mi (0.32 km) long summit ridge has peaks at each end with a pronounced dip between, giving it the profile of a saddle. Saddleback Mtn. is flanked to the southwest by Basin Mountain, and to the east by Gothics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lower Wolfjaw Mountain</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Lower Wolfjaw Mountain is located in Essex County, New York, United States. Landscape artist Alexander Helwig Wyant (1836–1892) named Lower Wolfjaw, together with neighboring Upper Wolfjaw Mountain, about 1870 for their appearance in profile. The mountain is the northeasternmost of the Adirondack High Peaks in the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains. Lower Wolfjaw Mountain is flanked to the southwest by Upper Wolfjaw Mountain, and to the northeast by Hedgehog Mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Upper Wolfjaw Mountain</span> Mountain in the United States

Upper Wolfjaw Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. Landscape artist Alexander Helwig Wyant (1836–1892) named the mountain, in combination with neighboring Lower Wolfjaw Mountain, c. 1870 for their appearance in profile. The mountain is part of the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains. Upper Wolfjaw Mtn. is flanked to the southwest by Armstrong Mountain, and to the northeast by Lower Wolfjaw Mtn.

Mount Marshall is a mountain in the MacIntyre Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. With an elevation of 4,360 feet (1,330 m), it is the 25th highest mountain in the Adirondacks and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Newcomb in Essex County, flanked to the northeast by Cold Brook Pass and Iroquois Peak. Originally named for Governor DeWitt Clinton, and then for mountain guide Herbert Clark, it was renamed for wilderness activist Bob Marshall after his death. The summit can be accessed by hikers on an unmarked trail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panther Peak</span> Mountain in United States

Panther Peak is a mountain located in Essex County, New York. The mountain is part of the Santanoni Mountains of the Adirondacks. Panther Peak is flanked to the west by Couchsachraga Peak, and to the south by Santanoni Peak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santanoni Peak</span> Mountain in New York state, US

Santanoni Peak is a mountain located in the Santanoni Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the fourteenth-highest peak in New York, with an elevation of 4,607 ft (1,404 m), and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Newcomb in Essex County. Santanoni Peak is flanked to the north by Panther Peak and to the northwest by Couchsachraga Peak, the other two mountains of the Santanoni Range. The mountain's name is believed to be an Abenaki derivative of "Saint Anthony"; the first French fur traders and missionaries having named the area for Saint Anthony of Padua. Two hiking approaches exist to the summit, which allow the mountain to be climbed in a loop with the other peaks of the range. Beginning at a parking lot near the Upper Works trailhead, the Duck Hole via Bradley Pond Trail approaches the mountains. Both approaches to Santanoni Peak branch off of this trail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donaldson Mountain</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Donaldson Mountain is a mountain located in Franklin County, New York, named in 1924 after Alfred Lee Donaldson (1866–1923), author of A History of the Adirondacks. The mountain is part of the Seward Mountains of the Adirondacks. Donaldson Mtn. is flanked to the northeast by Seward Mountain, and to the south by Mount Emmons.

References

  1. ↑ Sasso, John Jr. (2018). "Rise of the Adirondack High Peaks: The Story of the Inception of the Adirondack Forty-Six by Robert Marshall, George Marshall, and Russell M.L. Carson". Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies. 22 (1): 101.
  2. ↑ "How to Join". ADk 46ers. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  3. ↑ Sasso, John Jr. (2018). "Rise of the Adirondack High Peaks: The Story of the Inception of the Adirondack Forty-Six by Robert Marshall, George Marshall, and Russell M.L. Carson". Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies. 22 (1): 96–100.
  4. ↑ "High Peaks Wilderness Area Unit Management Plan". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  5. ↑ "Seward Range : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost". www.summitpost.org. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  6. ↑ "The MacIntyre Range Hike". Outdoor Project. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  7. ↑ Carlson, Bradley Z.; Munroe, Jeffrey S.; Hegman, Bill (2011). "Distribution of Alpine Tundra in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, U.S.A." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research . 43 (3): 331–342. doi: 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.331 . S2CID   53579861.
  8. ↑ "Primitive Camping - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation". www.dec.ny.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  9. ↑ "46 High Peaks". lakeplacid.com. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  10. ↑ "Take a trip up the Whiteface Veterans' Memorial Highway". Whiteface Region. 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  11. ↑ "The Peaks – Adirondack 46ers". adk46er.org. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  12. 1 2 Goodwin, Tony, ed. (2004). Adirondack trails. High peaks region (13th ed.). Adirondack Mountain Club. pp. 268–273. ISBN   1931951055.
  13. ↑ "Mount Marcy". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  14. ↑ "Algonquin Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Mount Haystack". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Mount Skylight". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  17. ↑ "Whiteface Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  18. ↑ "Dix Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  19. ↑ "Gray Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  20. ↑ "Iroquois Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Basin Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  22. ↑ "Gothics". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  23. ↑ "Mount Colden". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  24. ↑ "Giant Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  25. ↑ "Nippletop". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Santanoni Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Mount Redfield". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  28. ↑ "Wright Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  29. ↑ "Saddleback Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  30. ↑ "Panther Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  31. ↑ "Table Top Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  32. ↑ "Rocky Peak Ridge". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  33. ↑ "Macomb Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  34. ↑ "Armstrong Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  35. ↑ "Hough Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  36. ↑ "Seward Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Mount Marshall". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Allen Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  39. ↑ "Big Slide Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  40. ↑ "Esther Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  41. ↑ "Upper Wolfjaw Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  42. ↑ "Lower Wolfjaw Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  43. ↑ "Street Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  44. ↑ "Phelps Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  45. ↑ "Donaldson Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  46. ↑ "Seymour Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  47. ↑ "Sawteeth". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  48. ↑ "Cascade Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  49. ↑ "South Dix". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  50. ↑ "Porter Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  51. ↑ "Mount Colvin". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  52. ↑ "Mount Emmons". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  53. ↑ "Dial Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  54. ↑ "Grace Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  55. ↑ "Blake Peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  56. ↑ "Cliff Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  57. ↑ "Nye Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  58. ↑ "Couchsachraga peak". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  59. ↑ "MacNaughton Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved 2012-12-20.

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