Whiteface Mountain

Last updated

Whiteface Mountain
Whiteface Mountain from Lake Placid Airport.JPG
Whiteface Mountain
Highest point
Elevation 4,867 ft (1,483 m)  NGVD 29 [1]
Listing #5 Adirondack High Peaks [2]
Coordinates 44°21′57″N73°54′10″W / 44.36583°N 73.90278°W / 44.36583; -73.90278 [3]
Geography
USA New York relief location map.svg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Whiteface Mountain
Location of Whiteface, northeast of Lake Placid
Usa edcp relief location map.png
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Whiteface Mountain
Whiteface Mountain (the United States)
Location Wilmington, New York, U.S.
Parent range Adirondacks
Topo map USGS Lake Placid
Climbing
First ascent 1814 by John Richards and party [4] [a]
Easiest route road

Whiteface Mountain is the fifth-highest mountain in the U.S. state of New York, and one of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Mountains, located in the town of Wilmington in Essex County. Set apart from most of the other High Peaks, the summit offers a 360-degree view of the Adirondacks and clear-day glimpses of Vermont and Canada, where Montreal can be seen on a very clear day. Because of its relative isolation, the mountain is exposed to prevailing winds from the west and frequently capped with snow and ice, making it an area of interest to meteorologists. Weather data has been collected on the summit since 1937. The mountain's east slope is home to a major ski area which boasts the greatest vertical drop east of the Rockies, and which hosted the alpine skiing competitions of the 1980 Winter Olympics. Unique among the High Peaks, Whiteface features a developed summit and seasonal accessibility by motor vehicle. The Whiteface Veterans Memorial Highway (New York State Route 431) reaches a parking area at an elevation shortly below the summit, with the remaining distance covered by tunnel and elevator. The peak can also be reached on two hiking trails.

Contents

Geography

Whiteface Mountain is located in the town of Wilmington, in Essex County, New York, in the Wilmington Wild Forest of the New York Forest Preserve. [5] It is the fifth-highest mountain in New York, with an elevation of 4,867 feet (1,483 m). [1] Except for nearby Esther Mountain, the mountain is over 10 miles (16 km) from the other Adirondack High Peaks. This isolation offers impressive views in all directions from the summit, which attracts many tourists. On clear days, Lake Placid and the other High Peaks can be seen to the south and west, Lake Champlain and Vermont can be seen to the east, and Montreal can be seen to the north. [6] The top 300 feet (91 m) of the mountain are above the treeline. [7]

Geology

Whiteface Mountain is primarily composed of gabbroic anorthosite, a white igneous rock which has been exposed near the summit and along the slopes where landslides have occurred. [7] The white rock, and presence of rime ice at the summit for ten months of the year, are inspirations for the contemporary name of Whiteface, and likely also for indigenous names, including the Algonquin name Wa-ho-par-te-nie, which has been translated as "it is white", and the Mohawk name Thei-a-no-gu-en, which has been translated as "white head". [8] [b]

Like the surrounding Adirondack region, Whiteface Mountain was covered by large glaciers during the most recent ice ages, which left prominent features on the mountain's slopes. The north, west, and east faces of the mountain are covered with prominent cirques separated by arêtes. One arête is now occupied by the hiking trail from the end of the Veterans Memorial Highway to the summit, while another is used by the Wilmington Trail. [10] A long rock slide on the Southern face of the mountain, known as the Lake Placid slide, was used as an early trail to the summit. [11]

Climate

Due to its bare summit and isolation from other mountains, Whiteface is exposed to westerly winds, which makes it an ideal location for meteorological studies. [7] Weather observations have been recorded at the peak since 1937, when New York University and RPI established a meteorological station. Since 1957, data has been collected by the University at Albany's Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC). [12] During the 1970s and 1980s, the ASRC analyzed cloud chemistry and acid rain over Whiteface. [13] [14]

Whiteface Mountain has a subarctic climate (Dfc) according to the Köppen climate classification, with severely cold, snowy winters and cool to mild wet summers. The average snowfall at Whiteface Mountain is 190 inches per year, and the mountain trails are serviced by additional snowmaking. During the 2016–2017 season Whiteface boasted a record-setting 281 inches of natural snowfall. [15] During an unprecedented arctic blast on February 4, 2023, the temperature fell to a record low of −40.2 °F (−40.1 °C) and a record wind speed of 121 miles per hour (195 km/h) was recorded. [12] [16]

Climate data for Whiteface Mountain, New York (1937–1946 normals, extremes 1937–1946)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)42
(6)		41
(5)		63
(17)		69
(21)		73
(23)		79
(26)		78
(26)		78
(26)		75
(24)		69
(21)		57
(14)		52
(11)		79
(26)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)16.3
(−8.7)		17.8
(−7.9)		26.3
(−3.2)		36.3
(2.4)		50.9
(10.5)		59.6
(15.3)		62.7
(17.1)		59.9
(15.5)		53.9
(12.2)		42.1
(5.6)		30.9
(−0.6)		20.0
(−6.7)		39.7
(4.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)7.5
(−13.6)		8.4
(−13.1)		17.5
(−8.1)		28.2
(−2.1)		42.6
(5.9)		51.4
(10.8)		55.3
(12.9)		53.1
(11.7)		46.1
(7.8)		33.6
(0.9)		23.5
(−4.7)		11.4
(−11.4)		31.6
(−0.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)−1.8
(−18.8)		−1.1
(−18.4)		8.7
(−12.9)		20.1
(−6.6)		34.2
(1.2)		43.2
(6.2)		47.9
(8.8)		46.0
(7.8)		38.3
(3.5)		27.1
(−2.7)		16.0
(−8.9)		3.0
(−16.1)		23.5
(−4.7)
Record low °F (°C)−36
(−38)		−40
(−40)		−35
(−37)		−18
(−28)		9
(−13)		16
(−9)		28
(−2)		28
(−2)		16
(−9)		6
(−14)		−10
(−23)		−34
(−37)		−40
(−40)
Average precipitation inches (mm)4.11
(104)		3.76
(96)		3.27
(83)		4.26
(108)		3.84
(98)		3.26
(83)		4.20
(107)		3.56
(90)		4.48
(114)		3.71
(94)		4.08
(104)		4.27
(108)		46.80
(1,189)
Average snowfall inches (cm)27.0
(69)		29.7
(75)		19.2
(49)		11.4
(29)		1.1
(2.8)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.2
(0.51)		10.1
(26)		23.2
(59)		17.8
(45)		139.7
(355.31)
Source: Northern Regional Climate Center [17]

Whiteface Mountain Ski Area

Whiteface Mountain Ski Area
Whiteface Mt and Mt Esther seen from Jay ridge.JPG
Location Wilmington, New York, U.S.
Nearest major city Lake Placid – 13 miles (21 km)
Coordinates 44°21′57″N73°54′10″W / 44.36583°N 73.90278°W / 44.36583; -73.90278
Vertical3,166 ft (965 m) (lift-served)
3,430 ft (1,045 m) [18]
Top elevation4,386 ft (1,337 m) (lift-served)
4,650 ft (1,417 m) [18]
Base elevation1,220 ft (372 m) [18]
Skiable area299 acres (121 ha) [18]
Trails 94 total
Ski trail rating symbol-green circle.svg – 24% easiest
Ski trail rating symbol-blue square.svg – 46% more difficult
Ski trail rating symbol-black diamond.svg – 30% most difficult [18]
Lift system 1 gondola
9 chairlifts
1 conveyor lift [18]
Terrain parks 7
Snowfall 190 in (480 cm) [18]
Snowmaking yes
Night skiing no
Website Whiteface.com
Whiteface Mountain

Whiteface ski area, opened in 1960, is run by the Olympic Regional Development Authority. It was a venue of the 1980 Winter Olympics, hosting all six of the alpine ski events. [19] It was also used as a venue for the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games and for alpine skiing at the 2023 Winter World University Games. [20] [21]

Whiteface's ski area contains 94 trails stretching over 24 miles (39 km) on 299 acres (121 ha) of land. [18] Whiteface's highest lift unloads at 4,386 feet (1,337 m), a vertical drop of 3,166 ft (965 m) to the base area at 1,220 ft (372 m). [18] Its hike-to terrain, known as The Slides, is 264 ft (80 m) higher at 4,650 ft (1,417 m), providing Whiteface with the greatest continuous vertical drop in eastern North America at 3,430 feet (1,045 m). [22] The Slides also provide an additional 35 acres (14 ha) of skiable area on off-piste double-black diamond terrain. The longest run available is the Wilmington Trail at 2.1 miles (3.4 km). Trails are accessible by one gondola, nine chairlifts, and two conveyor lifts. 99% of the trails have snowmaking coverage. [18]

History

The earliest recorded ascent of Whiteface was made by surveyor John Richards in 1814. [4] [a] It was the first mountain in the Adirondacks to attract attention from tourists, due to its proximity to Lake Placid, and by 1859 there was a trail to the summit from nearby Wilmington. [24]

In July 1909, a fire lookout was established on the mountain. The original lookout was a pole frame structure with a canvas tent stretched over it. The shelter was later improved to a stone hut. In 1919, a 22-foot-tall (6.7 m) steel Aermotor tower was built on the mountain. [25]

In the 1920s, the New York state government purchased 4,500 acres (1,800 hectares) of land on Whiteface Mountain from the Pardee family of Philadelphia and the J. J. Rogers Co. of Ausable Forks to add to the Forest Preserve. The Pardees gifted 4.1 acres (1.7 hectares) at the summit in 1929. [26]

Construction of the Whiteface Mountain Veterans Memorial Highway and Whiteface Castle was conceived and initiated prior to the Great Depression and was funded entirely by the state of New York, though the timing of the projects led to a widespread belief that they were Depression-era public works projects arising from the New Deal. [27] A necessary constitutional amendment to fund a toll road was passed in 1927, [28] and construction began in 1929 under then-New York State Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, eventually costing 1.25 million dollars [27] (22 million in 2023 dollars). [29] The highway officially opened July 20, 1935, [30] and was dedicated to veterans of the Great War in a ceremony featuring Roosevelt, by then President, on September 14 of that year. [28]

In 1941, New York voters approved funds for the construction of a ski area on Whiteface, which was built by the Whiteface Mountain Authority after World War II. The ski area, known as Marble Mountain, operated between 1948 and 1960. [31] The slopes were regularly exposed to strong prevailing winds that would strip away snow and make skiing difficult or impossible. Because of the poor conditions, Marble Mountain was abandoned in favor of the modern ski area in 1957. The former base lodge of the ski slope is today used for additional meteorological observations by the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center. [31]

Due to increased use of aerial fire detection, the fire tower was closed at the end of the 1970 fire lookout season. On May 23, 1972, the tower was removed by New York State Forest Rangers and Operations personnel, one of the first of many towers to be removed from Adirondack Mountains. The tower's historical sign remained on the mountain for an additional year. The sign was then removed and donated along with the tower to the Adirondack Museum at Blue Mountain Lake. [25] [32]

Ascent routes

The Veterans Memorial Highway runs for 5 miles (8 km) up the slope of the mountain, terminating 300 feet (91 m) below the summit. [7] The Highway is usually open to vehicles from May to October. [33] Whiteface Castle, a cut stone and concrete structure built into the mountain, is at the end of the highway. From the adjacent parking lot there are two routes to the summit proper. The first route is the Stairway Ridge Trail, a footpath with handrails and intermittent concrete and stone steps approximately 0.2 miles (0.32 km) long. The second is a 426-foot (130 m) long tunnel into the core of the mountain. At the end of the tunnel is an elevator which rises to the summit. [34]

Two hiking trails reach the summit, one from Wilmington and the other from Lake Placid and Connery Pond. [10] The trail from Connery Pond begins at a parking lot on New York State Route 86 and proceeds to the summit, for an elevation gain of 3,232 feet (985 m). An alternative approach on this trail can be made by crossing Lake Placid by boat to Whiteface Landing, which intersects with the trail 2.7 miles (4.3 km) from the trailhead, and hiking the remaining 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the summit. [35] The Wilmington Trail begins on the Veterans Memorial Highway and is 5.2 miles (8.4 km) to the summit, for an elevation gain of 3,620 feet (1,100 m). This trail intersects with an unmarked path to the summit of nearby Esther Mountain 3.4 miles (5.5 km) from the trailhead, and also passes by ski trails and lifts. [36] The Wilmington Trail can also be reached from the Marble Mountain Trail, which begins at another parking lot on New York State Route 86. The two trails intersect 1.8 miles (2.9 km) from the Marble Mountain trailhead and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) from the Wilmington trailhead, adding 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the total length of the route to Whiteface. [37]

Notes

  1. 1 2 According to Russell Carson, earlier ascents were known but not recorded with enough detail to know when they occurred or who was involved. [23]
  2. ↑ The name Thei-a-no-gu-en was shared with Mohawk Chief Hendrick Theyanoguin, who was named on account of the whiteness of his scalp. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Placid, New York</span> Village in New York, United States

Lake Placid is a village in the Adirondack Mountains in Essex County, New York, United States. In 2020, its population was 2,205.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Marcy</span> Highest point in New York State

Mount Marcy is the highest point in the U.S. state of New York, with an elevation of 5,343.1 feet (1,628.6 m). It is located in the town of Keene in Essex County. The mountain is in the heart of the High Peaks Wilderness Area in Adirondack Park. Like the surrounding Adirondack Mountains, Marcy was heavily affected by large glaciers during recent ice ages, which deposited boulders on the mountain slopes and carved valleys and depressions on the mountain. One such depression is today filled by Lake Tear of the Clouds, which is often cited as the highest source of the Hudson River. The majority of the mountain is covered by hardwood and spruce-fir forests, although the highest few hundred feet are above the tree line. The peak is dominated by rocky outcrops, lichens, and alpine plants. The mountain supports a diverse number of woodland mammals and birds.

The Adirondack High Peaks are a set of 46 mountain peaks in the Adirondack Mountains of New York state. They have been popular hiking destinations since the late 1920s, when the list of peaks was published in Russell Carson's book Peaks and Peoples of the Adirondacks. Those who have climbed all 46 High Peaks are eligible to join the Adirondack Forty-Sixers club.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cascade Mountain (New York)</span> Mountain in New York, US

Cascade Mountain is in Essex County of New York. It is one of the 46 Adirondack High Peaks (36th) and is located in the Adirondack Park. Its name comes from a series of waterfalls on a brook near the mountain's base. The lake it flows into and the pass between Cascade and Pitchoff mountains are also named Cascade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Algonquin Peak</span> Mountain in New York state, United States

Algonquin Peak is a mountain in the MacIntyre Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the second-highest mountain in New York, with an elevation of 5,114 feet (1,559 m), and one of the 46 Adirondack High Peaks. It is located in the town of North Elba in Essex County and in the High Peaks Wilderness Area of Adirondack Park. The first recorded ascent of the mountain was made on August 8, 1837, by a party led by New York state geologist Ebenezer Emmons. It was originally named Mount McIntyre, after Archibald McIntyre, but this name was eventually applied to the entire range. Surveyor Verplanck Colvin added the name "Algonquin" in 1880. This name came from the peak reputedly being on the Algonquian side of a nearby informal boundary between the Algonquian and their Iroquois neighbors, although no such boundary existed in reality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Haystack</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Mount Haystack is a mountain in the Great Range of the Adirondack Mountains of New York. With an elevation of 4,960 feet (1,510 m), it is the third-highest mountain in New York and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Keene in Essex County. The first recorded ascent of the mountain was made by mountain guide Orson Schofield Phelps in 1849, accompanied by Almeron Oliver and George Etsy. Phelps gave the mountain its current name based on its appearance to a haystack, and later cut the first trail to the summit in 1873. The summit is an alpine zone above the treeline, which offers a view of nearby Mount Marcy and Panther Gorge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Skylight</span> Mountain in United States of America

Mount Skylight is a mountain in the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. Skylight is the fourth-highest peak in New York, with an elevation of 4,924 feet (1,501 m), and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Keene in Essex County. The mountain was given its name by artist Frederick S. Perkins and guide Orson Schofield Phelps in 1857, due to a rock formation on the peak resembling a window. Phelps would later make the first known ascent of the peak with surveyor Verplanck Colvin and two others on August 28, 1873.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dix Mountain</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Dix Mountain is a mountain in the Dix Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. With an elevation of 4,857 feet (1,480 m), it is the sixth-highest peak in New York and one of the 46 Adirondack High Peaks. It is located roughly on the boundary between the towns of North Hudson and Keene in Essex County, and in the High Peaks Wilderness Area of Adirondack Park. The crest of the peak consists of a very narrow ridge, which continues to the southeast and rises to a subsidiary peak named Beckhorn, then continues south to other peaks of the Dix Range. The summit is also in an alpine zone above the treeline. The ridge offers unobstructed views of Elk Lake to the southwest, the Great Range to the northwest, and Lake Champlain and the Green Mountains to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long Path</span> Hiking trail from George Washington Bridge to Mohawk River valley in upstate New York

The Long Path is a 357-mile (575 km) long-distance hiking trail beginning in New York City, at the West 175th Street subway station near the George Washington Bridge and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area. While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains. It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits 4,000 feet (1,220 m) in elevation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Colden</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Mount Colden is a mountain in the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the eleventh-highest peak in New York, with an elevation of 4,714 feet (1,437 m), and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Keene in Essex County. The peak is named after David C. Colden, an investor in the McIntyre Iron Works at Tahawus. The mountain is known for the Trap Dike, a large crevice that runs from a point near the summit on its west face to nearby Avalanche Lake. The summit of Mount Colden can be reached by two hiking trails, which are frequently combined to form a circuit through Avalanche Pass, or by climbing the Trap Dike. The summit is in an alpine tundra zone above the treeline, and offers views of surrounding mountains and lakes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Jo</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Mount Jo is a 2,832-foot-tall (863 m) mountain in the heart of the Adirondack Mountains of New York. It is in North Elba, New York on land owned by the Adirondack Mountain Club. The Adirondack Loj and Heart Lake are at the foot of Mount Jo. There are two trails that lead to its summit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gray Peak (New York)</span> Mountain in United States

Gray Peak is a mountain located in the town of Keene in Essex County, New York. It is the seventh-highest of the Adirondack High Peaks, with an elevation of 4,840 feet (1,480 m), and is located in close proximity to Mount Marcy, the highest peak in New York. Gray Peak is southwest of Mount Marcy and southeast of Mount Colden. The first recorded ascent of the peak was made on September 16, 1872, by surveyor Verplanck Colvin and guide Bill Nye. It was named for Asa Gray by Colvin. Although the mountain is only 0.6 miles (0.97 km) from the summit of Marcy and lacked prominence desired by the Marshall brothers for inclusion in the High Peaks, it was added to the list to preserve the name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giant Mountain</span> Mountain in the United States

Giant Mountain, also known as Giant of the Valley, is a mountain in the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the twelfth-highest peak in New York, with an elevation of 4,627 feet (1,410 m), and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the Giant Mountain Wilderness Area, in the town of Keene in Essex County. The mountain is named for its towering appearance from the nearby Pleasant Valley to the east, which sits at a low elevation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gothics</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Gothics is a mountain in the Great Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the tenth-highest peak in New York, with an elevation of 4,736 feet (1,444 m), and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Keene in Essex County. The mountain is named due to the resemblance of its three arched peaks and large rock slides to Gothic architecture. Although the name has been attributed to Orson Schofield Phelps and Frederick W. Perkins, who named several peaks during an 1857 ascent of Mount Marcy, other evidence shows the name Gothics in use at least as early as 1850. The earliest recorded ascent was made on October 11, 1875, by Verplanck Colvin, Roderick L. McKenzie, and Ed Phelps, although an unrecorded ascent was likely made earlier by James J. Storrow and Orlando Beede. The summit of Gothics is an alpine tundra zone, and on clear days views of 30 nearby peaks are available, as well as the Upper and Lower Ausable Lakes.

The High Peaks Wilderness Area is the largest wilderness area of the Forest Preserve in the U.S. state of New York. It is located in three counties and six towns in the Adirondack Park: Harrietstown in Franklin County, North Elba, Keene, North Hudson and Newcomb in Essex County and Long Lake in Hamilton County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esther Mountain</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Esther Mountain is a mountain in the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the 28th-highest of the Adirondack High Peaks, with an elevation of 4,240 feet (1,290 m). The mountain is located in the town of Wilmington in Essex County, and is the northernmost of the High Peaks. It was the only High Peak named for a woman until 2014, having been named in honor of Esther McComb, who made the first recorded climb to the summit in 1839, at age 15; at the time she was attempting to climb the adjacent Whiteface Mountain from the north. A tablet commemorating her ascent was placed at the summit of the mountain by the Adirondack Forty-Sixerss in 1939. The name Esther Mountain first appeared in print in 1865.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macomb Mountain</span> Mountain in the United States

Macomb Mountain is a mountain in the Dix Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the 21st-highest of the Adirondack High Peaks, with an elevation of 4,405 feet (1,343 m), and the most southeasterly of the High Peaks. It is located in the town of North Hudson in Essex County. The mountain is named for Alexander Macomb, an American general who became famous for his victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh in 1814. The name first appeared in print in 1842. The earliest recorded ascent of the mountain was made in 1872 by guide Mel Trumbull and artist Arthur H. Wyant. Major slides on the western face of the mountain were caused by hurricanes in 1947 and 1950 and expanded by Hurricane Irene in 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Mountain (Keene Valley, New York)</span> Mountain in New York, United States

Armstrong Mountain is a mountain in the Great Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. It is the 22nd-highest of the Adirondack High Peaks, with an elevation of 4,400 feet (1,300 m). It is located in the town of Keene in Essex County. The mountain is named for Thomas Armstrong, a lumberman from Plattsburgh. In 1866, Armstrong and a business partner, Almon Thomas, purchased the Totten and Crossfield Purchase, which contained the mountain and several of the other High Peaks. Armstrong named the mountain after himself in 1869, although the name was not popularized among local hikers until years later. The earliest recorded ascent was made by Ed Phelps and Thomas P. Wickes in 1875. In 1887, the Totten and Crossfield Purchase was sold to the Adirondack Mountain Reserve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York State Route 431</span> Highway in New York

New York State Route 431 (NY 431) is a state highway in Essex County, New York, United States. The highway, also known as the Whiteface Mountain Veterans Memorial Highway, begins at an intersection with NY 86 in Wilmington and climbs Whiteface Mountain in the Adirondacks. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation maintains the highway, which is 7.96 miles (12.81 km) long.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McKenzie Mountain</span> Mountain in New York, United States

McKenzie Mountain is a 3,861-foot (1,177 m) mountain in western Essex County in the towns of St. Armand and North Elba in the Adirondack Park, a unit of the Forest Preserve.

References

  1. 1 2 Goodwin 2021, p. 286.
  2. ↑ "The Peaks – Adirondack 46ers". adk46er.org. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  3. ↑ "Whiteface Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  4. 1 2 Waterman 2003, p. 67.
  5. ↑ "Wilmington Wild Forest – NYSDEC". dec.ny.gov. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
  6. ↑ Goodwin 2021, p. 147.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "History of the ASRC Whiteface Mountain Field Station". albany.edu. University at Albany, SUNY. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  8. ↑ Wolfe, Douglas; Stephenson, Guy; Lawrence, Judy (July 11, 2017). "Legends of the Whiteface Name". whiteface.com. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  9. ↑ Beauchamp 1907, p. 75.
  10. 1 2 Goodwin 2021, p. 148.
  11. ↑ Mackenzie, Kevin B. (2016). "Adirondack Landslides: History, Exposures, and Climbing". Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies. 21 (1): 167–183. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  12. 1 2 French, Tom (March 3, 2024). "Whiteface summit plays key role in statewide network of research stations". Adirondack Explorer. Archived from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  13. ↑ Falconer, R. E.; Falconer, P. D. (December 20, 1980). "Determination of Cloud Water Acidity at a Mountain Observatory in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 85 (C12): 7465–7470. doi:10.1029/JC085iC12p07465. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  14. ↑ Cloud Chemistry and Meteorological Research at Whiteface Mountain: Summer 1980 (PDF) (Report). Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York. April 1, 1981. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Whiteface Mountain Ski Resort". www.skicentral.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  16. ↑ Lynch, Mike (February 3, 2023). "Whiteface sees record cold temps". Adirondack Explorer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Whiteface Mountain, NY". Northern Regional Climate Center. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Mountain Stats". whiteface.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2024. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  19. ↑ 1980 Winter Olympics official report. Volume 1. pp. 20–28.
  20. ↑ "Lake Placid readies for first Winter Goodwill Games". The Ithaca Journal. February 12, 2000. Archived from the original on January 5, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024– via Internet Archive.
  21. ↑ "Whiteface Mountain (USA)". fis-ski.com. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  22. ↑ Pennington, Bill (January 11, 2008). "Whiteface Mountain". The New York Times . Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  23. ↑ Carson 1927, p. 261.
  24. ↑ Waterman 2003, pp. 109, 209.
  25. 1 2 "Searchable list of NY Fire Towers". nysffla.org. The New York State Chapter of the Forest Fire Lookout Association. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Wilmington Wild Forest Unit Management Plan/ Environmental Impact Statement" (PDF). dec.ny.gov. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. October 2005. p. 25. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
  27. 1 2 Dedam, Kim Smith (September 14, 2010). "Whiteface Memorial Highway feted at 75". Lake Placid Press-Republican. Archived from the original on March 17, 2024. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  28. 1 2 "The Whiteface Memorial" (PDF). The New York Times . September 14, 1933. p. 14. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  29. ↑ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth . Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  30. ↑ "Will Open Whiteface Highway" (PDF). The New York Times . Associated Press. July 16, 1935. p. 21. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  31. 1 2 Johnson, Phil (May 1, 2015). "How New York Lost its Marble" (PDF). Skiing History. pp. 26–29. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  32. ↑ "Museum News". Journal of Forest History. 18 (1/2): 43. April 1974. doi:10.2307/forhis/18.1-2.43. JSTOR   3983490 . Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  33. ↑ "Whiteface Mountain Summer Activities Schedule". Lake Placid Legacy Sites. May 11, 2022. Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  34. ↑ Manchester, Lee. "A 5-mile drive to the top of the world" (PDF). Adirondack Architectural Heritage. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  35. ↑ Goodwin 2021, pp. 148–149.
  36. ↑ Goodwin 2021, pp. 150–151.
  37. ↑ Goodwin 2021, p. 153.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.