Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol) is an isoflavandiol estrogen metabolized from daidzein, a type of isoflavone found in soybeans and other plant sources, by bacterial flora in the intestines. While endogenous estrogenic hormones such as estradiol are steroids, equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen. Only about 30–50% of people have intestinal bacteria that make equol.
Alcaligenes faecalis is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in the environment. It was originally named for its first discovery in feces, but was later found to be common in soil, water, and environments in association with humans. While opportunistic infections do occur, the bacterium is generally considered nonpathogenic. When an opportunistic infection does occur, it is usually observed in the form of a urinary tract infection.
Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several Cronobacter species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose. Cronobacter spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov.
Adlercreutzia is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).
Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota (Bacteria). The genus was first proposed by Derrien et al. (2004), with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila.
Alistipes is a Gram-negative genus of rod-shaped anaerobic bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota. When members of this genus colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they provide protective effects against colitis, autism, and cirrhosis. However, this genus can also cause dysbiosis by contributing to anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and hypertension. Showcasing priority effects in microbiome assembly, when infant GI tracts have bacteria of the species Staphylococcus but not the species Faecalibacterium, Alistipes species become less capable of colonization. Alistipes, typically benign in the gut, can sometimes trigger infections like intra-abdominal abscesses and bloodstream infections, emphasizing the fine line between symbiosis and disease. This underscores the significance of comprehending their impact on human health within microbial ecosystems.
Christensenella is a genus of non-spore-forming, anaerobic, and nonmotile bacteria from the family Christensenellaceae. They are also part of the order Clostridiales, the class Clostridia and the phylum Firmicutes. Phylogenetic analyzes of 16S rRNA gene sequences are used to describe this family. Due to the recent discovery of the Christensenellaceae family, it was not given importance until a few years ago. This is why very little is known about its ecology and how it may be associated with host factors and other microbiota. However, recent studies establish that members of this family, with exceptions, may be associated with a healthy phenotype for humans. The species C. minuta has been published and validated, and C. timonensis and C. massiliensis have been proposed as novel species of the genus Christensenella, all isolated from human feces.
Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae. Azospirillum bacteria can promote plant growth.
Asaccharobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Coriobacteriaceae. Up to now there is only one species of this genus known.
Asaccharobacter celatus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and obligately anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Asaccharobacter which has been isolated from a rat caecum in Japan. Asaccharobacter celatus produces equol and 5-hydroxy equol.
Butyricicoccus is a bacterial genus from the family of Oscillospiraceae., formerly ranked in the family of Clostridiaceae.
Slackia equolifaciens is an equol-producing bacterium from the genus of Slackia which has been isolated from human faeces from Japan.
Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The bacteria are acidophilic and produced endospores. It was first isolated from waterwater sludge in Blake Lake City, Quebec, Canada. The species was first identified in 1996, but was classified as Sulfobacillus disulfidooxidansis. It was reclassified as Alicyclobacillus in 2005. The name is derived from the Latin duplus (double), sulfur (sulfur), and oxido (oxidize), referring to the bacterium's ability to oxidize disulfide.
Butyricimonas is a Gram-negative and anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Odoribacteraceae. Bacteria in this genus are present in the gastrointestinal tract of various mammals such as rats and humans.
Alistipes indistinctus is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Alistipes which has been isolated from human faeces from Tokyo in Japan.
Alistipes inops is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, obligately anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Alistipes which has been isolated from human faeces.
Roseivirga seohaensis is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolated from sea water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
Parabacteroides acidifaciens is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from human faeces.
Adlercreutzia rubneri is an anaerobic, Gram-positive and Rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Adlercreutzia which has been isolated from human faeces. Adlercreutzia rubneri is capable to metabolize resveratrol.
Adlercreutzia hattorii is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic and Rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Adlercreutzia which has been isolated from human faeces.
