Aedes atropalpus, commonly known as the American rock pool mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. It belongs to the subgenus Georgecraigius and was first described by American entomologist Daniel William Coquillett in 1902.[1][2] Native to eastern North America, this mosquito has also been reported in parts of Europe, likely introduced through human activities such as the transport of used tires.[3][4]
Aedes atropalpus is a small to medium-sized mosquito characterized by a slender body, long legs, and a proboscis suited for blood-feeding.[5] While specific physical traits may vary, it shares typical mosquito features such as dark coloration and scaled wings.[6] Females exhibit autogeny, meaning they can lay their first batch of eggs without a blood meal, a distinctive adaptation among some mosquito species.[7]
Distribution and habitat
This species is primarily found in eastern North America, with a range extending from Canada to the southeastern United States.[4] It has also been introduced to Europe, with sightings in countries such as Italy and France, likely due to the international trade of used tires carrying its eggs.[3]Aedes atropalpus thrives in small, water-filled habitats, including natural rock pools along streams and rivers, as well as artificial containers like tires, buckets, and other debris.[7] Its ability to exploit human-made environments has contributed to its spread.[6]
Life cycle and behavior
Aedes atropalpus undergoes complete metamorphosis, progressing through egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages.[2] Females lay eggs in moist areas above the waterline of their breeding sites, and these eggs can survive desiccation, hatching when flooded.[7] The larvae develop in water, feeding on organic debris, and adults emerge after a brief pupal stage.[6]
The species’ autogenous reproduction allows it to thrive in areas with limited host availability.[7] Adults are active during the day and feed on the blood of humans and other mammals, making them a nuisance in areas near their breeding sites.[5]
Disease transmission
Aedes atropalpus has been shown in laboratory studies to be capable of transmitting viruses such as West Nile virus and La Crosse virus.[7] However, it is not a primary vector for these diseases in the wild, meaning it plays a limited role in their natural spread compared to more significant vectors like Aedes aegypti or Culex species.[7] Its public health impact remains minor but warrants continued monitoring.[8]
Control and management
Control efforts for Aedes atropalpus focus on reducing breeding sites and applying insecticides.[7] Eliminating standing water in containers such as tires and buckets is a key strategy to prevent larval development.[5] Insecticides like deltamethrin are effective, though some populations show tolerance to alternatives like malathion.[7] Public education on habitat management and personal protection, such as using repellents, also helps mitigate its presence.[7]
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