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A holotype is a single physical example of an organism, known to have been used when the species was formally described. It is either the single such physical example or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept.
Ornithoptera victoriae, the Queen Victoria's birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly of the family Papilionidae, found in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.
Plectrohyla hartwegi is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and eastern Oaxaca in Mexico, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in western Guatemala as well as Sierra de las Minas in eastern Guatemala, and Sierra de Omoa in southwestern Honduras. It might be a composite of two or more species.
The big-eared mastiff bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae endemic to Papua New Guinea, known from Gulf Province and Oro Province. It is only known from 11 specimens and it is not easy to survey. It forages in rainforest canopy and roosts in tree hollows. It is likely more widespread than currently known but additional research is needed.
Bathmoceras is a primitive cephalopod genus from the Middle and Upper Ordovician, type for the family Bathmoceratidae, order Ellesmerocerida.
Cyrtonybyoceras is a genus of slightly exogastric members of the Wutinoceratidae, a family of actinocerids and probably derived from an earlier Wutinoceras. The shell of Cyrtonybyoceras is curved slightly upwardly and is slightly compressed. Sutures slope toward the aperture, from the dorsum to the venter. The siphuncle is ventral but not marginal, in general form like that of Nybyoceras. Upper and lower septal necks are recumbent or narrowly free. The canal system is reticular, characteristic of the Wutinoceratidae.
Allotrioceras is a tubular fossil from the Middle Ordovician of the state of New York, collected by Rousseau H. Flower; included by him in the Endocerida and placed in a new family, the Allotrioceratidae. Allotrioceras is characterized by a lateral pair of subequal conical structures, resembling the endocones of endocerids, separated by a straight partition that extends more than half way across from either the dorsal or ventral side, as perceived, and runs along the length. What remains is thought to represent a siphuncle, which ranges from about 8 millimeters (0.3 in) to about 15 millimeters (0.6 in) in diameter. On the basis of diagnosis, inclusion of Allotrioceras and the Allotrioceratidae, for which it is the type, in the endocerida seems at best tentative.
Williamsoceras is an endocerid that Rousseau Flower (1968) added to his Allotrioceratidae on the basis of having a vertical partition within the siphuncle, known as a ventral process, with inter-connecting tubule-like structures along its margin where intercepted by endocones. Three species are named and described from the Garden City limestone of Whiterockian age near Logan and northern Utah, including the genotype Williamsoceras adnatum. Two other species come from the Juab limestone of near equivalent age in the southern Confusion Range in the Ibex area in western Utah.
Wardoceras is an extinct nautiloid genus from the late Early Ordovician of Western Utah, assigned to the orthocerid family, Michelinoceratidae
Microbaltoceras is an extinct genus of the cephalopod family Baltoceratidae that lived in what would be North America during the Early Ordovician. It was named by Rousseau Flower (1964) and assigned by him to the Baltoceratidae. The type species is Microbaltoceras minore which was found in the Threadgill Member of the Tanyard Formation in Gillespie County, Texas, USA.
Metabaltoceras, first described by Rousseau Flower in 1964, is a fossil cephalopod genus in the family Baltoceratidae, with a small, slender, fairly fusiform shell, and a large empty siphuncle in contact with the ventral surface. The siphuncle is achoanitic, having virtually no septal necks, segments formed all but entirely by connecting rings. Shells are generally straight, beginning with a subcircular cross section in the adapical portion but becoming faintly depressed adorally. Sutures are straight and transverse except ventrally, where they produce deep, prominent lobes.
Sactoceras is an extinct nautiloid cephalopod that lived during the Ordovician and Silurian in what would become North America, Europe, and Asia.
Macroloxoceras is a large pseuorthocerid from the upper Devonian of Central Colorado and Southern New Mexico with features resembling those found in actinocerids. Pseudorthocerids and actinocerids are extinct nautiloid cephalopods, generally with long straight shells and expanded siphuncle segments filled with organic deposits.
Benthomangelia antonia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Glyphoturris quadrata, common name the square glyph-turrid, is a species of small carnivorous sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Mioawateria extensa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Gymnobela filifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Compsodrillia haliostrephis, common name the spindle drillia, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.
The Allotrioceratidae is a family of Middle Ordovician fossils, established by Rousseau Flower, 1955, originally including Allotrioceras and Mirabilocras, assigned inferentially to the Endocerida and known only from structures interpreted as siphuncles. Later Williamsoceras, Cacheoceras, and Perkinsoceras were added.
Plectolites is a genus of coiled nautiloid cephalopods from Nevada (USA) somewhat reminiscent of the genus Plectoceras of the Barrandeocerina.
References
- Rousseau H Flower, (1968). Some Additional Whiterock Cephalopods. Part II, Memoir 19. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Socorro.