Alcalus | |
---|---|
Alcalus tasanae from Thailand | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Ceratobatrachidae |
Subfamily: | Alcalinae Brown , Siler, Richards , Diesmos , and Cannatella , 2015 [1] |
Genus: | Alcalus Brown, Siler, Richards, Diesmos, and Cannatella, 2015 [1] |
Type species | |
Micrixalus mariae Inger, 1954 | |
Species | |
5 species (see text) |
Alcalus is a small genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. [2] [3] It is the only member of the subfamily Alcalinae. Its sister taxon is Ceratobatrachinae. [4] Common name Alcala's dwarf mountain frogs has been proposed for the genus. They are found in Palawan Island (the Philippines), Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula. [2] They prefer semi-aquatic microhabitats. [1]
The genus is named in honour of Angel Alcala, a Filipino biologist who has worked with Southeast Asian amphibians. [1]
Compared to the closely related genera Cornufer and Platymantis , Alcalus have an intermediate body size (based on Alcalus baluensis and A. mariae , males measure 20–37 mm (0.79–1.46 in) and females 26–43 mm (1.0–1.7 in) in snout–vent length). The head is broad. Skin is coarsely textured, shagreened, or ‘wrinkled’ in appearance. The toe discs are widely expanded; inter-digital webbing is extensive. Males have nuptial pads but lack vocal sacs. [1]
There are five species: [2] [3]
Hoplophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs. The genus is endemic to mountain forests of Tanzania. They are also known as three-fingered frogs or African banana frogs.
Platymantis is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. They are commonly known as wrinkled ground frogs, ground frogs, and forest frogs.
Churamiti is a genus of toads endemic to Tanzania. It is monotypic and represented by a single species, Churamiti maridadi. This species is only known from its type locality in the Mamiwa-Kisara Forest Reserve in the Ukaguru Mountains. Only four specimens are known. The scientific name is derived from the Swahili words chura meaning toad or frog, miti meaning tree, and maridadi meaning beautiful, for the descriptive "beautiful tree-toad".
Bokermannohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. It was erected in 2005 following a major revision of the Hylidae. Twenty-three species previously placed in the genus Hyla were moved to this genus named in honor of Werner Carlos Augusto Bokermann, Brazilian herpetologist. The genus is endemic to southern Brazil.
Pelophryne brevipes is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and found on the islands of Mindanao and Basilan. Records from elsewhere in Southeast Asia refer to Pelophryne signata or possibly other species. Common names Southeast Asian toadlet and Zamboanga flathead toad have been coined for it.
Boehmantis is a genus of frogs in the mantellid subfamily Mantellinae. It is monotypic, being represented by a single species, Boehmantis microtympanum. The genus is endemic to Madagascar.
Kaloula walteri is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found in the mountains of southeastern Luzon Island and Polillo Island. The specific name walteri honors Walter C. Brown, an American herpetologist. Common name Walter's narrow-mouthed frog has been proposed for it. Kaloula walteri is most closely related to Kaloula rigida.
Alcalus mariae, common name Mary's frog or Palawan eastern frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Palawan Island, the Philippines, and only known from its type locality, Mount Balabag, in the Mantalingajan mountain range. The specific name refers to Mary Lee Inger née Ballew, first wife of Robert F. Inger who formally described the species in 1954.
Cornufer malukuna, commonly known as the Malukuna webbed frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands. The specific name malukuna refers to its type locality, Malukuna.
Cornufer heffernani, sometimes known as the Solomon Island palm frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands archipelago where it can be found in at least Buka and Bougainville Islands of Papua New Guinea and Choiseul and Santa Isabel Islands of the Solomon Islands, but probably also more widely. The specific name heffernani honours Mr. N. S. Heffernan, who collected the type series.
Platymantis insulatus is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Gigante Islands just northeast of Panay, the Philippines. This frog is variously known as the Gigantes wrinkled ground frog, island forest frog, South Gigante Island frog, Gigantes forest frog, and Gigantes limestone frog. Originally described from South Gigante, it is now known to occur on at least three other islands.
Platymantis isarog, sometimes known as the Isarog forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to southeastern Luzon, Philippines, where it is known from two volcanos, Mount Isarog and Mount Malinao.
Cornufer schmidti is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It was first described as a subspecies of Platymantis papuensis. It is the type species of the subgenus Aenigmanura within Cornufer. It is endemic to the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, and is known from the islands of New Britain, New Ireland, and Manus; the Manus population might represent a distinct species.
The Ceratobatrachidae are a family of frogs found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands.
Platymantis biak, also known as the Luzon limestone forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of Luzon, the Philippines, where it is known from the Biak-na-Bato National Park, its type locality, and from the immediate vicinity of the park. The specific name biak is Tagalog meaning "crevice" or "crack" and refers to the preferred limestone karst habitat at the type locality.
Cornufer is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia — in Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and in the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands.
Platymantis bayani is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of Samar, the Philippines. It is only known from its type locality, the Taft Forest Reserve in Taft, Eastern Samar. The specific name bayani is derived from the Tagalog word meaning "highly respected", "heroic", or "hero". The name honors Walter C. Brown, in recognition of his "numerous contributions to Philippine herpetology and … lifelong commitment to the study of biodiversity in the SW Pacific." Accordingly, common name Walter's limestone forest frog has been proposed for this species.
Leptobrachium mangyanorum is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and known with certainty only from the island of Mindoro, although it might also occur on the nearby Semirara Island. Even though this species was formally described only in 2010, Edward Harrison Taylor had already in 1920s recognized that it is distinct from Leptobrachium hasseltii, the name used for Philippine Leptobrachium at the time. Common name Mindoro litter frog has been coined for this species.
Alcalus sariba, also known as Saribau eastern frog or Saribau dwarf mountain frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Alcalinae, family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, where it is known from a small number of locations, including the eponymous Mount Saribau. It has often been included in Alcalus baluensis, but is now considered a distinct species. The two species are similar but Alcalus sariba is larger.
Limnonectes beloncioi, also known as the Mindoro fanged frog, is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and currently known from Mindoro and Semirara Islands. It is morphologically similar, previously confused with, and closely related to Limnonectes acanthi. The actual range of L. beloncioi could be wider but the status of similar frogs beyond Mindoro and Semirara requires further study.