Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius

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Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Alicyclobacillaceae
Genus: Alicyclobacillus
Species:
A. acidocaldarius
Binomial name
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius
Wisotzkey et al. 1992
Subspecies
  • subsp. acidocaldarius
  • subsp. rittmannii

Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The bacteria are acidophilic, thermophilic, and produce endospores. The first identified strains of A. acidocaldarius were from geysers in Yellowstone National Park and fumerole soil in Hawaii Volcano National Park. The species was originally classified as Bacillus acidocaldarius in 1971, but further 16S rRNA studies found that the species belonged in the newly created genus Alicyclobacillus. The species name is derived from the Latin acidum (acid) and caldarius (pertaining to warm or hot), referring to the acidic and high temperature environments from which it was first isolated. [1] [2] Thomas D. Brock was one of the researchers who first categorized the species; his discovery of Thermus aquaticus allowed for other researchers to discover Taq polymerase and polyermase chain reaction (PCR). [3]

A strain of A. acidocaldarius has been isolated from thermally heated soils of Mount Rittmann in Antarctica. [4]

Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius was among the first three species reclassified from the genus Bacillus to the newly created Alicyclobacillus in 1992, along with A. acidoterrestris and A. cycloheptanicus . [2]

The optimum growth temperature for A. acidocaldarius is 60-65 °C, and can grow in the 45-70 °C range. The optimum pH is 3.0-4.0, and can grow in pH 2.0-6.0. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Thermus aquaticus</i> Species of bacterium

Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the Deinococcota phylum. It is the source of the heat-resistant enzyme Taq DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique.

The Alicyclobacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria. All members of this family are aerobic and form endospores.

Alicyclobacillus is a genus of Gram-variable, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria. The bacteria are able to grow in acidic conditions, while the spores are able to survive typical pasteurization procedures.

Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a thermophilic gram-positive bacterium, and a member of the Bacillota phylum. It was first isolated from soil in Japan in 1983.

Caldibacillus is a facultative anaerobe genus of bacteria that stains Gram-positive from the family of Bacillaceae. The type species of this genus is Caldibacillus debilis.

Alicyclobacillus contaminans is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The bacteria are acidophilic and produce endospores. It was first isolated during a survey from both orange juice, and soil in Fuji City, Japan. The species was first described in 2007, and the name is derived from the Latin contaminans (contaminating).

Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The bacteria are acidophilic and produce endospores. It was first isolated from apple juice. The species was first described in 2007, and the name refers to the fastidious nature of the organism; the bacteria would start to die off after 7 days when plated on typical agar for isolating Alicyclobacillus. Additionally, the species produced fewer spores than other members of its genus, and took much longer to produce the spores.

Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The bacteria are acidophilic and produce endospores. It was first isolated from soil. The species was originally classified as Bacillus cycloheptanicus in 1987, but further 16S rRNA studies found that the species belonged in the newly created genus Alicyclobacillus. The species name refers ω-cycloheptane fatty acids in the cell membrane.

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The bacteria are acidophilic and produce endospores. It was first isolated from soil. The species was originally classified as Bacillus acidoterrestris in 1987, but further 16S rRNA studies found that the species belonged in the newly created genus Alicyclobacillus. The species name is derived from the Latin acidum (acid) and terrestris, referring to its acidophilic nature and that it was isolated from soil.

Effusibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, spore-forming bacteria.

Effusibacillus pohliae is a species of Gram positive, aerobic, thermophilic bacterium. The cells are rod-shaped and form spores. It was first isolated from Mount Melbourne, Antarctica. The species is named after the genus of Pohlia nutans, a species of moss that was colonizing the area where the type strain was isolated. E. pohliae has also been isolated from a geothermal heat pump in South Korea.

Alkalihalobacillus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus.

Margalitia is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Margalitia shackletonii.

Niallia is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Niallia circulans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Priestia</span> Genus of bacteria

Priestia is a genus of mostly Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Priestia megaterium.

Schinkia is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Schinkia azotoformans.

Siminovitchia is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Siminovitchia fortii.

Sutcliffiella is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Sutcliffiella cohnii.

Weizmannia is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Weizmannia coagulans.

Alkalicoccus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalicoccus saliphilus.

References

  1. ↑ Darland, G; Brock, T. D (1971). "Bacillus acidocaldarius sp.nov., an Acidophilic Thermophilic Spore-forming Bacterium". Journal of General Microbiology. 67: 9–15. doi: 10.1099/00221287-67-1-9 .
  2. 1 2 3 Wisotzkey, J. D; Jurtshuk, P; Fox, G. E; Deinhard, G; Poralla, K (1992). "Comparative Sequence Analyses on the 16S rRNA (rDNA) of Bacillus acidocaldarius, Bacillus acidoterrestris, and Bacillus cycloheptanicus and Proposal for Creation of a New Genus, Alicyclobacillus gen. Nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 42 (2): 263–269. doi: 10.1099/00207713-42-2-263 . PMID   1374624.
  3. ↑ Brock, Thomas D. "The value of basic research: discovery of Thermus aquaticus and other extreme thermophiles." Genetics 146, no. 4 (1997): 1207.
  4. ↑ Nicolaus, Barbara; Improta, Roberta; Manca, Maria C.; Lama, Licia; Esposito, Enrico; Gambacorta, Agata (1998-01-01). "Alicyclobacilli from an unexplored geothermal soil in Antarctica: Mount Rittmann". Polar Biology. 19 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1007/s003000050224. ISSN   1432-2056. S2CID   22521845.
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