Organizing body | AFA |
---|---|
Founded | 1884 |
Abolished | 1924 |
Region | United States |
Number of teams | Open |
Related competitions | National Challenge Cup |
Last champion(s) | Bethlehem Steel (1924) |
Most successful club(s) | Bethlehem Steel (6 titles) |
The American Football Association Challenge Cup (also known as the American Association Cup or simply American Cup) was the first major U.S. soccer competition open to teams beyond a single league. It was first held in 1884, and organised by the American Football Association (AFA).
In the 1910s, it gradually declined in importance with the establishment of the National Challenge Cup. The competition was last held in 1924. [1]
Founded in 1884, the American Football Association (AFA) was the first non-league organizing body in the United States. [2] : 27 Allied with the Football Association, [3] the AFA sought to standardize rules for teams competing in northern New Jersey and southern New York.
Within two years, this region began to widen to include teams in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. [4] Within a year of its founding, the AFA organized the first non-league cup in U.S. soccer history. [2] Teams from New Jersey and Massachusetts dominated the first twelve years. Then in 1897, Philadelphia Manz brought the title to Pennsylvania for the first time. By the mid-1890's soccer in American was struggling due to New England going through difficult economic times. [5]
As a result, the AFA suspended the cup from 1899 until 1906. [6] By that time, the growth in the sport had led to a confusion of rules and standards. This led to a movement to create a truly national body to oversee U.S. soccer. Drawing on both its position as the oldest soccer organization and the status of the American Cup, the AFA argued that it should be the nationally recognized body. In October 1911, a competing body, the American Amateur Football Association (AAFA) was created. [7] It quickly spread outside the northeast U.S. and began its own cup in 1912, the American Amateur Football Association Cup. [8]
That year, both the AFA and AAFA applied for membership in FIFA, the international organizing body for soccer. In 1913, the AAFA gained an edge over the AFA when several AFA organizations moved to the AAFA. On April 5, 1913, the AAFA reorganized as the United States Football Association. FIFA quickly granted a provisional membership [9] and USFA began exerting its influence on the sport. This led to the establishment of the National Challenge Cup that fall. [10] The National Challenge Cup quickly grew to overshadow the American Cup. However, both cups were played simultaneously for the next ten years. Declining respect for the AFA led to the withdrawal of several associations from its cup in 1917. Further competition came in 1923 when USFA created the National Amateur Cup. [1] That spelled the death knell for the American Cup. It played its last season in 1924. [1]
The trophy was made by Tiffany & Co. and is described as "a very elegant sterling silver trophy. It is a vase about thirteen inches high surmounted by a Roman athlete. On either side is a foot ball and goal post, while in front on a large shield is the inscription". [11]
Club | Titles | Winning years |
---|---|---|
Bethlehem Steel | 6 | 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1924 |
Clark O.N.T. | 3 | 1885, 1886, 1887 |
West Hudson | 3 | 1906, 1908, 1912 |
Paterson True Blues | 3 | 1896, 1909, 1913 |
Fall River Rovers | 2 | 1888, 1889 |
Fall River Olympics | 2 | 1890, 1894 |
Fall River East Ends | 2 | 1891, 1892 |
Brooklyn Robins Dry Dock | 2 | 1920, 1921 |
Fall River Rovers were a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts. They won the 1888 and 1889 American Cups as well as the 1917 National Challenge Cup. In 1922 Rovers and Fall River United attempted to share rent on venue due to increasing costs. Subsequently their joint bid for an ASL slot in the 1922–23 season was rejected. They later disbanded with their players signing with other teams.
The American Football Association (AFA) was the first attempt in the United States to form an organizing soccer body.
American League of Professional Football was the first professional soccer league in the United States, existing for one season in 1894. It was also one of the earliest professional leagues in the world. It was created by the owners of the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, partly to fill their dormant stadiums in the winter months and partly for publicity reasons to keep their baseball seasons visible to the public during the off-season.
New Bedford Whalers was the name of three American soccer teams based in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The first Whalers played in the Southern New England Soccer League between 1914 and 1918. The second Whalers played in the American Soccer League between 1924 and 1931 before merging into Fall River F.C. The third Whalers were then formed when Fall River merged with New York Yankees. They played in the ASL between 1931 and 1932.
The 1913–14 National Challenge Cup was the inaugural edition of the national knock-out soccer competition in the United States that would eventually become the modern-day Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup. Brooklyn Field Club won the title.
The United States had recently entered World War I, and the soccer world felt the effects as increasing numbers of players joined the armed forces to wage battle in Europe. Soccer was not as hard-hit as some other sports, but all leagues felt the impact; in fact the Čechie team of Chicago lost every member of its roster to enlistment. The United States Soccer Football Association issued a call to its member associations for teams to resist the temptation to strengthen their teams at the expense of others — when wealthy, but decimated teams eye the poorer but complete teams, their wallets and checkbooks should remain pocketed in the name of fair play. A welcome consequence of the war situation was a willingness of the USFA's own warring factions to end their dispute and work together in relative harmony during those trying times. Many soccer organizations launched fund raising campaigns and benefit matches to raise money to provide support for U.S. soldiers through, among other means, the provision of soccer equipment and gear to enhance their recreational opportunities. One such project was the Soccer Football Chain Letter Fund launched by Thomas Cahill and the USFA.
Thomas W. Cahill was one of the founding fathers of soccer in the United States, and is considered the most important administrator in U.S. Soccer before World War II. Cahill formed the United States Football Association in 1913, which later became the United States Soccer Federation. In 1916 he became the first coach of the United States men's national soccer team. Cahill was enshrined in the U.S. National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1950.
The Eastern Professional Soccer League, better known as the Eastern Soccer League (ESL), was an American soccer league which existed for only a season and a half in 1928 and 1929. Born of the internecine strife between soccer organizations in the United States known as the “Soccer War”, the ESL was created by the United States Football Association (USFA) as a counter to the professional American Soccer League which was contesting USFA control of professional soccer in the country.
The American Amateur Football Association Cup was an American soccer competition open to amateur teams affiliated with the American Amateur Football Association (AAFA). It played only two years, 1912 and 1913 before being superseded by the National Challenge Cup, now known as the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.
Clark Our New Thread, mostly known as Clark O.N.T. was a U.S. soccer team sponsored by the Clark Thread Company. The team competed in the annual American Cup, winning the first three championships. Beside Fall River Rovers, they are considered the most successful clubs in the late 1880s in American soccer.
Hollywood Inn F.C. was a U.S. soccer team which played in Yonkers, New York during the early twentieth century. While an amateur team for much of its existence, it played a single season in the professional National Association Football League. In 1913, it went to the final of the American Amateur Football Association Cup where it lost to Yonkers F.C.
The 1924–25 National Challenge Cup was the annual open cup held by the United States Football Association now known as the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.
The 1922 American Cup tournament was not held. In accordance with new rules passed by the USFA, the American Football Association did not conduct a tournament for the 1921-22 season. The hiatus was brief, though, with the tournament resuming the following season.
The Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup is an American soccer competition open to all United States Soccer Federation affiliated teams, from amateur adult club teams to the professional clubs of Major League Soccer. The following is the history of the U.S. Open Cup tournament.
Soccer in the United States has a varied history. Research indicates that the modern game entered the country during the 1850s with New Orleans' Scottish, Irish, German and Italian immigrants. Some of the first organized games, using modern English rules, were played in that city.
The 1923 National Amateur Cup was the USFA's first attempt to stage a national knockout competition strictly for amateur soccer teams. This edition however did not reach a conclusion and no overall winner was crowned. The tournament suffered numerous delays. Among the worst instances was an early round game between Swedish Americans of Chicago and Gary, Indiana scheduled for mid December. Poor field conditions due to bad weather prevented the completion of their matchup until the end of March. Consequently, no national final or semifinals were played. Ten years prior, the USFA's earlier incarnation, the AAFA, had conducted two tournaments on the amateur level. Both were successful in the sense that they were completed expeditiously however they were able to draw few if any teams from beyond the New York area. The 1923 amateur tournament drew 68 teams ranging from Chicago, Illinois to Rumford, Maine including even a team from San Francisco, California, the Olympic Club though their entry was rejected as a matter of logistics.
The American Soccer League, established in 1921, was the first of four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States to use the ASL name. It was formed by the merger of teams from the National Association Football League and the Southern New England Soccer League. For several years the ASL's popularity rivaled the popularity of the National Football League. Disputes with the United States Football Association and FIFA, as well as the onset of the Great Depression, led to the league's collapse in spring 1933.
The 1913 AAFA Cup featured twenty-four teams from New York and New Jersey. The 'Wasps' of Yonkers defeated the 'Black and White Brigade' of Hollywood Inn 3–0 to win the tournament. This was the second and final edition as the AAFA Cup. The association became the USFA and awarded the Dewar Trophy for the 1913 edition of the AAFA cup. The Dewar Trophy was also awarded to the National Challenge Cup winners beginning in the 1913–14 season.
The American Amateur Football Association Cup was an American soccer competition open to amateur teams affiliated with the American Amateur Football Association (AAFA).