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Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera.
Pediococcus is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera Aerococcus and Tetragenococcus. They are purely homofermentative.
Oenococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family Lactobacillaceae. The only species in the genus was Oenococcus oeni. In 2006, the species Oenococcus kitaharae was identified. As its name implies, Oenococcus oeni holds major importance in the field of oenology, where it is the primary bacterium involved in completing malolactic fermentation.
The Lactobacillaceae are a family of lactic acid bacteria. It is the only family in the lactic acid bacteria which includes homofermentative and heterofermentative organisms; in the Lactobacillaceae, the pathway used for hexose fermentation is a genus-specific trait. Lactobacillaceae include the homofermentative lactobacilli Lactobacillus, Holzapfelia, Amylolactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacillus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Loigolactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Dellaglioa, Liquorilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Lactiplantibacillus; the heterofermentative lactobacilli Furfurilactobacillus, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Acetilactobacillus, Apilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus, and Lentilactobacillus, which were previously classified in the genus Lactobacillus; and the heterofermentative genera Convivina, Fructobacillus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, and Weissella which were previously classified in the Leuconostocaceae.
Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a Gram-positive species in the heterofermentative genus Limosilactobacillus. It is associated with active dental caries lesions. It is also commonly found in fermenting animal and plant material including sourdough and cocoa fermentation. A few strains are considered probiotic or "friendly" bacteria in animals and at least one strain has been applied to treat urogenital infections in women. Some strains of lactobacilli formerly mistakenly classified as L. fermentum have since been reclassified as Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Commercialized strains of L. fermentum used as probiotics include PCC, ME-3 and CECT5716
Companilactobacillus kimchii is a bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium of the genus Companilactobacillus. It is named for and found in the Korean fermented-vegetable food kimchi.
Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis is a species in the genus Ligilactobacillus. It is a homofermentative, rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria. Its type strain is FS60-1T.
Lactobacillus crispatus is a common, rod-shaped species of genus Lactobacillus and is a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing beneficial microbiota species located in both the vagina, through vaginal discharge, and the vertebrate gastrointestinal tract. The strain CTV-05 is used as a probiotic that can be used by premenopausal and postmenopausal women that experience recurrent urinary tract infections. It is being evaluated specifically for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis, which is characterized by the absence of Lactobacillus flora necessary to protect the host from infection.
Agrilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Dellaglioa algida is a species of lactic acid bacteria.
Fructilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Furfurilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Holzapfelia floricola is a species of lactic acid bacteria. It is the only described species in the monotypic genus Holzapfelia.
Lapidilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Latilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Schleiferilactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Convivina intestini is a species of lactic acid bacteria.
Fructobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria.
Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis is a species of lactic acid bacteria.
Ligilactobacillus animalis is a non-motile, homofermentative species in the Gram-positive genus Ligilactobacillus, initially isolated from the dental plaque of primates and intestinal samples of a dog and mouse. L. animalis has optimal growth at 37°C on MRS agar, making this species mesophilic. The first reported isolates could ferment cellobiose, fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, and salicin, but not xylose. The genome size of the type strain is 1.89 Mbp and the G/C content is 41.1%.
References
- 1 2 3 Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CMAP, Harris HMB, Mattarelli P, O'Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, Gänzle MG, Lebeer S. (2020). "A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 70 (4): 2782–2858. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 . hdl: 10067/1738330151162165141 . PMID 32293557.
- 1 2 Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Amylolactobacillus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 30, 2021.
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