Ancistrus claro is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Cuiabá River basin. This species grows to a length of 6.6 centimetres (2.6 in) SL.
Peckoltia multispinis, commonly known as the bristlemouth catfish, is a species of small freshwater fish in the genus Peckoltia of the catfish family Loricariidae. It has the L-number L049. It is possibly a junior synonym for Peckoltia vittata. However, the online Encyclopedia of Life lists this fish as Lasiancistrus multispinis. The California Academy of Sciences lists Peckoltia multispinis as the currently correct name. This species is not to be confused with the valid but unrelated species Ancistrus multispinis, and although A. multispinis has been used as a name for both this species and the one it is currently used for, A. multispinis was initially described as a member of the now-invalid genus Xenocara and was classified under that genus when this species was first described as a member of Ancistrus. Because of this, Ancistrus multispinis is a valid name, but not one that should be used for P. multispinis.
Ancistrus leoni is a species of catfish native to South America, specifically the Amazon basin and the Orinoco Basin.
Ancistrus cryptophthalmus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a troglomorphic species that is native to South America and occurs only in the São Vicente and Angélica-Bezerra cave system in the Paranã River basin, which is part of the Tocantins River drainage in Brazil. The species reaches 6 cm (2.4 in) SL. Alongside Ancistrus galani and A. formoso, this species displays characteristics unusual among loricariids, such as reduced pigmentation and atrophied eyes, which are adaptations to a subterranean habitat that can be found in various types of cavefish.
Ancistrus macrophthalmus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, specifically found in the Orinoco River and its lower tributaries in Venezuela. The species reaches 7.9 cm (3.1 in) SL. It is occasionally seen in the aquarium trade, where it is one of multiple species sometimes referred to as "medusa plecos".
Ancistrus parecis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Tapajós River basin in Brazil. Its specific epithet refers to the Parecis Plateau, where the type specimen was collected. The species reaches 6 cm (2.4 in) SL.
Ancistrus amaris is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Orinoco River and Apure River basins in Venezuela. The species reaches at least 11.57 cm (4.56 in) SL and was described in 2019 by Lesley S. de Souza of the Field Museum of Natural History, Donald C. Taphorn of the Royal Ontario Museum, and Jonathan Armbruster of Auburn University alongside five other species of Ancistrus.
Ancistrus saudades is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Takutu River, the Ventuari River, the Caroní River, and the Caura River in Guyana, Venezuela, and Brazil. The species reaches at least 10.75 cm (4.23 in) SL and was described in 2019 by Lesley S. de Souza of the Field Museum of Natural History, Donald C. Taphorn of the Royal Ontario Museum, and Jonathan Armbruster of Auburn University alongside five other species of Ancistrus.
Ancistrus gymnorhynchus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater species native to South America, where it occurs in the upper Pao River basin in the Orinoco drainage, as well as in coastal rivers of the states of Carabobo and Yaracuy in Venezuela. The species reaches 14.2 cm (5.6 in) SL and it is known to feed on algae, which it has been noted to be very efficient at removing.
Ancistrus triradiatus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from the drainage basins of the Orinoco, the Los Guayos River, Lake Valencia, and Lake Maracaibo. The species reaches 9.2 cm (3.6 in) SL. It sometimes appears in the aquarium trade, where it is known as the gold-spot or three-ray bristlenose pleco.
Ancistrus formoso is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs only in the cave of Buraco do Ducho in the Formoso phreatic system in Brazil. It is a stygobitic species that is known to lack eyes and body pigmentation, which indicate a high level of specialization to living in a subterranean, lightless environment. It is one of three known stygobitic members of Ancistrus, alongside A. cryptophthalmus and A. galani. The species reaches 7.9 cm (3.1 in) SL.
Ancistrus lithurgicus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater species native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Essequibo River and Berbice Rivers in Guyana. The species reaches 13.2 cm (5.2 in) SL.
Ancistrus multispinis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Atlantic coastal drainage of eastern Brazil, ranging from the Macacu River to the Maquiné River. The species reaches 14.2 cm (5.6 in) SL. The species has nocturnal habits and has been used in studies on the impacts of deltamethrin on fish blood in Brazil.
Ancistrus nudiceps is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Takutu River basin in the upper Branco River drainage in Guyana, and the Cuyuni River in Venezuela. The species reaches 7.9 cm (3.1 in) SL.
Ancistrus yutajae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs only in the Yutajé River in Venezuela. The species reaches at least 8.28 cm (3.3 in) SL and was described in 2019 by Lesley S. de Souza of the Field Museum of Natural History, Donald C. Taphorn of the Royal Ontario Museum, and Jonathan Armbruster of Auburn University alongside five other species of Ancistrus.
Ancistrus dubius is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Amazon River, the Paraná River, and the Paraguay River. The species reaches 12.6 cm SL.
Ancistrus piriformis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Acaray River basin, which is part of the Paraná River drainage in Paraguay, although it has also been reported from Argentina. The species reaches 8.3 cm SL.
Ancistrus taunayi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Uruguay River basin. The species reaches 11.9 cm (4.7 in) SL and at least 52.3 g (1.84 oz) in weight.
Ancistrus patronus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Orinoco basin in Venezuela and Colombia. The species reaches at least 8.7 cm (3.4 in) SL and was described in 2019 by Lesley S. de Souza of the Field Museum of Natural History, Donald C. Taphorn of the Royal Ontario Museum, and Jonathan Armbruster of Auburn University alongside five other species of Ancistrus. Its specific name means "defender" in Latin and was given to the species due to the reported tendency of male A. patronus to actively guard their nests and protect their young until they are relatively large.
