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The history of Zambia experienced many stages from colonisation to independence from Britain on 24 October 1964. Northern Rhodesia became a British sphere of influence in the present-day region of Zambia in 1888, and was officially proclaimed a British protectorate in 1924. After many years of suggested mergers, Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland were merged into the British Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
A refugee, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), is a person "forced to flee their own country and seek safety in another country. They are unable to return to their own country because of feared persecution as a result of who they are, what they believe in or say, or because of armed conflict, violence or serious public disorder." Such a person may be called an asylum seeker until granted refugee status by a contracting state or by the UNHCR if they formally make a claim for asylum.
The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa, the longest east-flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. Its drainage basin covers 1,390,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi), slightly less than half of the Nile's. The 2,574 km (1,599 mi) river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.
The Bantu expansion was a major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa. In the process, the Proto-Bantu-speaking settlers displaced, eliminated or absorbed pre-existing hunter-gatherer and pastoralist groups that they encountered.
KhweKWAY is a dialect continuum of the Khoe branch of the Khoe-Kwadi family of Namibia, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, and parts of Zambia, with some 8,000 speakers.
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The Twa, often referred to as Batwa or Mutwa (singular), are indigenous hunter-gatherer peoples of the Great Lakes Region in Central Africa, recognized as some of the earliest inhabitants of the area. Historically and academically, the term “Pygmy” has been used to describe these groups, however, it is considered derogatory, particularly by the Twa themselves. While some Batwa activists accept the term as an acknowledgement of their indigenous status, most prefer specific ethnic labels such as Bambuti, Baaka, and Bambendjelle.
Africa Humanitarian Action (AHA) is a non-governmental organization that provides relief services to countries in Africa. It was founded by Dr. David Zawde in 1994 in response to the Rwandan genocide.
The Mbunda or Vambunda are a Bantu people who, during the Bantu migrations, came from the north to south-eastern Angola and finally Barotseland, now part of Zambia. Their core is at present found in the south-east of Angola from the Lunguevungu river in Moxico to the Cuando Cubango Province.
A refugee crisis can refer to difficulties and dangerous situations in the reception of large groups of forcibly displaced persons. These could be either internally displaced, refugees, asylum seekers or any other huge groups of migrants.
References
Notes
- ↑ Hansen 2001 , p. 35
- ↑ Hansen 2001 , p. 36
- 1 2 Hansen 2001 , p. 37
- ↑ Hansen 2001 , p. 38
- ↑ Krause et al. 2001 , p. 11
- ↑ Hansen 1981 , p. 175
- ↑ "UN to resume repatriation of Angolans from Zambia", The Namibian, 2006-03-16, retrieved 2009-08-20
- ↑ Bakewell 2000 , p. 356
Sources
- Bakewell, Oliver (2000), "Repatriation and Self-Settled Refugees in Zambia: Bringing Solutions to the Wrong Problems", Journal of Refugee Studies, 13 (4): 356–373, doi:10.1093/jrs/13.4.356
- Hansen, Art (1981), "Refugee Dynamics: Angolans in Zambia 1966 to 1972", International Migration Review, 15 (1/2), The Center for Migration Studies of New York, Inc.: 175–194, doi:10.2307/2545335, JSTOR 2545335
- Hansen, Art (2001), "Angolan refugee displacement and settlement in Zaire and Zambia", in De Wet, C. J.; Fox, R. C. (eds.), Transforming settlement in southern Africa, International African Seminars, vol. 6, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-1465-3
- Krause, Sandra; Matthews, Julia; Meyers, Janet; Mutambo, Margaret (September 2001), Assessment of Reproductive Health for Refugees in Zambia (PDF), Reproductive Health for Refugees Consortium, ISBN 1-58030-016-2 , retrieved 2009-08-20