Ankycorbin

Last updated
Rai14
Identifiers
Aliases 1700008J19Rik1700020L11RikAnkycorbinNorpegmKIAA1334retinoic acid induced 14
External IDs HomoloGene: 9199 GeneCards:
Gene location (Human)
Ideogram human chromosome 15.svg
Chr. Chromosome 15 (human)
Human chromosome 15 ideogram.svg
HSR 1996 II 3.5e.svg
Red rectangle 2x18.png
Band 15|15 A1Start10,568,969 bp
End10,714,624 bp
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001166408
NM_030690
NM_001356534

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001159880
NP_109615
NP_001343463

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 10.57 – 10.71 Mb n/a
PubMed search [1] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Ankycorbin is an ankyrin repeat and coiled-coil domain containing protein that in humans is encoded by the RAI14 gene. It is expressed in a variety of human tissues and is thought to play a role in actin regulation of ectoplasmic specialization, establishment of sperm polarity and sperm adhesion. It may also promote the integrity of Sertoli cell tight junctions at the blood testis barrier.

Contents

Gene

Location

RAI14 contains 15 exons and is located on the plus strand of chromosome number 5 at position 5p13.2. It spans 5,068 base pairs from position 34,656,328 to 34,832,612. [2]

Gene Neighborhood

Genes TTC23L and LOC105374721 neighbor RAI14 on chromosome 5.

Expression

RAI14 is expressed within a wide range of human tissues. Some areas of the highest expression by TPM (transcripts per million) include tissues of the endometrium, smooth muscle, cervix, cervix, testis, and spleen. Within the human brain, RAI14 expression is abundant in the area around the brain stem and medulla. The highest expression levels came from the myelencephalon, a region of the embryonic brain that would later become the medulla oblongata. [3]

RAI14 protein expression within human tissues RAI14 Expression via The Human Protein Atlas.png
RAI14 protein expression within human tissues

Homology

Paralogs

RAI14 does not have any paralogs.

Orthologs

Most of the entire sequence of the ankycorbin protein is well conserved between the majority of mammals and vertebrates. [4] More distantly related orthologs, such as sharks, begin to lose similarity and become less conserved in the C-terminus end of the protein. Ankycorbin is not well conserved within invertebrates, such as coral, at all. The latter half of the protein is largely missing and the only portion that retains some semblance of conservation is the area near the N-terminus that is associated with the ankyrin repeat domain.

Table of RAI14 Orthologs
Genus and SpeciesCommon NameDate of Divergence

(from Homosapiens)

NCBI Accession

Number

Sequence Length

(Amino Acids)

Sequence

Identity

Homo sapiens HumanNP_001138992.1980100%
Castor canadensis North American Beaver88 MYAXP_020026070.198092%
Delphinapterus leucas Beluga Whale94 MYAXP_022455298.198090%
Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian pelican320 MYAXP_009485865.197769%
Python bivittatus Burmese python320 MYAXP_007432514.199266%
Xenopus laevis African clawed frog353 MYAXP_018100022.197153%
Rhincodon typus Whale Shark465 MYAXP_020373853.171946%
Stylophora pistillata Coral685 MYAXP_022783988.165331%
An image depicting RAI14 expression levels within the human brain RAI14 Expression Within Human Brain.png
An image depicting RAI14 expression levels within the human brain

Protein

Transcripts

Ankycorbin has four different isoforms (A, B, C, and D) with most isoforms containing one or more splice variants that mainly differ in the 5' UTR. Isoform D is the longest known isoform at 983 amino acids in length, however isoform A (980 amino acids) is the most predominant form of the protein. [5]

General Properties

The RAI14 protein has a predicted weight of 110.0 kDal and an isoelectric point of 5.87. It's also predicted to have glutamine rich region between nucleotides 914-978 and is otherwise rich in lycine, glutamate, and serine while being poor in glycine and phenylalanine. [6] It is a soluble protein. [7]

Structure and Domains

Ankycorbin contains an ankyrin repeat region located near the N-terminus [8] that consists of 6 ankyrin repeats. The protein is predominantly composed of alpha helices and coiled-coil domains with no predicted beta-sheet structures.

Post Translational Modifications

RAI14 is a highly phosphorylated protein with hundreds of predicted phosphorylation sites. It is predicted to be a nuclear protein and contains 3 nuclear localization signals.

Function

RAI14 is predicted to play a role in cell-cell adhesion sites, particularly the cell-cell interactions of Sertoli cells from within the testis. Sertoli cells are involved in the creation of the blood testis barrier and provides a specialized, protected environment within the seminiferous tubules of the testis for germ cell development. [9]

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. "RAI14 retinoic acid induced 14 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  3. "Allen Brain Atlas: Human Brain". Allen Brain Atlas.
  4. "NCBI: Protein Blast" . Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  5. "ankycorbin isoform a [Homo sapiens]". NCBI. October 2, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  6. "SAPS". EMBL-EBI.
  7. Hirikawa, T.; Boon-Chieng, S.; Mitaku, S. "SOSUI: classification and secondary structure prediction system for membrane proteins".
  8. "PSORT II". PSORT: Predicting of Protein Sorting and Localization Sites in Amino Acid Sequences. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  9. Martin CM, Kleid JJ (2015). "Pseudofusion beats masquerading as pacemaker failure". Journal of Electrocardiology . 7 (2): 179–81. doi:10.1016/S0022-0736(74)80028-2. PMID   4822540.