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Louise Arbour,is a Canadian lawyer,prosecutor and jurist.
The Nuremberg principles are a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime. The document was created by the International Law Commission of the United Nations to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi party members following World War II.
The Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT),formerly the Iraqi Special Tribunal and sometimes referred to as the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal,is a body established under Iraqi national law to try Iraqi nationals or residents accused of genocide,crimes against humanity,war crimes or other serious crimes committed between 1968 and 2003. It organized the trial of Saddam Hussein and other members of his Ba'ath Party regime.
Jeremy Dean Hinzman is an Iraq War resister who was the first American deserter to seek refugee status in Canada.
The War Resisters Support Campaign (WRSC) is a Canadian non-profit community organization,founded in April 2004 in Toronto,Ontario to mobilize support among Canadians and worldwide to convince the Canadian government to offer sanctuary to all U.S. military personnel who wish to come to Canada because of their opposition to the invasion and occupation of Iraq.
Canadian immigration and refugee law concerns the area of law related to the admission of foreign nationals into Canada,their rights and responsibilities once admitted,and the conditions of their removal. The primary law on these matters is in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act,whose goals include economic growth,family reunification,and compliance with humanitarian treaties.
Jeffry A. House is a retired lawyer who practiced in Toronto,Ontario,Canada. He is best known for his efforts on behalf and representation of fugitive American soldiers and Indigenous protesters.
The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal is an administrative tribunal established in 1977 through the Canadian Human Rights Act. It is directly funded by the Parliament of Canada and is independent of the Canadian Human Rights Commission which refers cases to it for adjudication under the act.
Joshua "Josh" Key is a United States Army deserter,who fled while on leave from the Iraq War,and is a current resident of Canada. He is the author,with Lawrence Hill,of The Deserter's Tale,a book chronicling his service in Iraq and his subsequent departure from military life.
Superior orders,also known as the Nuremberg defense or just following orders,is a plea in a court of law that a person,whether a member of the military,law enforcement,or the civilian population,should not be considered guilty of committing crimes that were ordered by a superior officer or official.
Section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act was a provision of the Canadian Human Rights Act dealing with hate messages. The provision prohibited online communications which were "likely to expose a person or persons to hatred or contempt" on the basis of a prohibited ground of discrimination. Complaints under this section were brought to the Canadian Human Rights Commission and if the Commission found sufficient evidence,the case would be heard by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. Section 13 was repealed by the Parliament of Canada effective June 2014.
Robin Long is one of several U.S. Army deserters who sought asylum in Canada because of his opposition to the Iraq War and became the first of those to be deported to the United States after being rejected for refugee status. He was deported from Canada on July 15,2008.
AndréShepherd is a U.S. Army Specialist and deserter who applied for asylum in Germany on November 26,2008. He is the first Iraq War veteran to pursue refugee status in Europe and only the second U.S. soldier to ever apply for refugee status in Germany.
Richard Mosley is a Canadian Federal Court trial judge,who has a background in National security interests,and has taken a role in hearing a number of Canadian anti-terrorism cases,including those relating to Abdullah and Omar Khadr,as well as Hassan Almrei. He has also taken a role in hearing the case of Jeremy Hinzman. In 2024,Mosley ruled that the federal government's invocation of the Emergencies Act to end the 2022 convoy protest was "not justified".
During the Iraq War,which began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq,there were United States military personnel who refused to participate,or continue to participate,in that specific war. Their refusal meant that they faced the possibility of punishment in the United States according to Article 85 of the US Uniform Code of Military Justice. For that reason some of them chose to go to Canada as a place of refuge. The choice of these US Iraq War resisters to go to Canada has led to considerable debate in Canada's society,press,legal arenas,and political arenas. Much of the debate on this issue has been due to the controversial nature of the Iraq War itself. Among the many elements of that debate are Canada's relationship to the Iraq War,and Canada's relationship to the US,its largest trading partner.
Hate speech laws in Canada include provisions in the federal Criminal Code,as well as statutory provisions relating to hate publications in three provinces and one territory.
A war resister is a person who resists war. The term can mean several things:resisting participation in all war,or a specific war,either before or after enlisting in,being inducted into,or being conscripted into a military force.
Kimberly Rivera is an Iraq War resister and former U.S. Army Private First Class who went AWOL in February 2007 after a year of service. She was the first female U.S. military deserter to flee to Canada. She was deported from Canada on September 20,2012,and pleaded guilty to desertion,receiving a sentence of ten months' imprisonment and a bad-conduct discharge. Amnesty International objected to her detention and designated her a prisoner of conscience.
The Alberta Human Rights Commission (AHRC) is a quasi-judicial human rights commission in Alberta,Canada,created by the provincial government.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "The Honourable Anne L. Mactavish". Federal Court of Appeal. April 10, 2018. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
- ↑ "Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, About the CHRT, Members". Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. March 3, 2005. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ↑ Mernagh, M. (May 18, 2006). "AWOL GIs Dealt Legal Blow". Toronto's Now Magazine. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
- 1 2 Matas, Robert (July 15, 2008). "Canada Will Deport US Army Deserter". The Globe and Mail/ CommonDreams.org. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ↑ Hill, Lawrence (November 24, 2007). "Just desertions". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
- ↑ Fong, Petti (July 16, 2008). "U.S. army deserter first to be deported". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ↑ Austen, Ian (July 16, 2008). "Canada Expels an American Deserter From the Iraq War". The New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ↑ "U.S. deserter deported to Colorado: army official". cbcnews.ca. July 15, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ↑ Kyonka, Nick (July 16, 2008). "Other war resisters undaunted by expulsion". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ↑ See also: Robin Long v. Canada (MCI & MPSEP), IMM-3042-08 (July 14, 2008), Justice Mactavish
- ↑ "Between JAMES COREY GLASS and THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION". Federal Court of Canada. July 17, 2008. p. Paragraph 41. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2009.
