Aphaeninae

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Aphaeninae
Flatolystra verrucosa MHNT.jpg
Flatolystra verrucosa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Family: Fulgoridae
Subfamily: Aphaeninae
Blanchard, 1847
Tribes

See text

The subfamily Aphaeninae is a group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics. They belong to the Fulgoridae (fulgorids), though they are not among the better-known members of that family that are called "lantern bugs" or "lanternflies" (although as true bugs they are only distantly related to true flies). In 2009, the first molecular analysis of the Fulgoridae challenged the existing structure of eight currently recognized subfamilies and eleven tribes.

Contents

Aphaeninae contain a number of well-sized fulgorids. If seen flying at a distance, they can be mistaken for Lepidoptera, as they are large winged and boldly patterned, although usually not as colorful as some other fulgorids.

The future of the Aphaeninae as a subfamily is unclear since the species assigned to it are interlineated in the molecular analysis with species of other Fulgoridae subfamilies. [1] [2] The tribe Enchophorini, previously placed here, has been raised to a subfamily.

Tribes and genera

As of August 2023, Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web [3] includes three tribes:

Aphaenini

Auth.: Blanchard, 1847 and Distant, 1906 (distribution: worldwide tropics)

Benamatapini

Auth.: Lallemand, 1959 (central Africa)

  1. Benamatapa Distant, 1899

Limoisini

Auth.: Lallemand, 1963 (East Asian mainland, New Guinea, Australia)

  1. Bloeteanella Lallemand, 1959 (New Guinea)
  2. Erilla Distant, 1906
  3. Limois Stål, 1863 (Asia: esp. China) - type genus
  4. Neolieftinckana Lallemand, 1963 (New Guinea)
  5. Nisax Fennah, 1977
  6. Ombro Fennah, 1977
  7. Saramel Fennah, 1977 (New Guinea)

Incertae sedis

  1. Bhaskaraena Constant, 2016 (Malesia)
  2. Birdantis Stål, 1863
  3. Neoalcathous Wang & Huang, 1989 (China, Vietnam)

Genera formerly placed here

The following PNG/Australian genera were previously placed here, but are now in the Poiocerinae: tribe Poiocerini Haupt, 1929:

Adverse effects

Spotted lanternfly is a fulgorid native to temperate Southeast Asia, which is an invasive species in South Korea, Japan, and the United States. It can cause significant problems for vineyards, fruit trees, ornamentals, and forests. [8] It feeds on a variety of crops, and the sugary sap it excretes, known as honeydew, encourages a fungal growth called sooty mold that can kill plants by blocking photosynthesis. [9] In September 2021 a boy included one of these rare and dangerous insects in his bug collection at the Kansas State Fair, triggering a federal investigation because the lanternfly had previously not been found farther west than southeastern Indiana. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulgoridae</span> Family of true bugs

The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. Various genera and species are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies, though they do not emit light.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurybrachidae</span> Family of true bugs

Eurybrachidae is a small family of planthoppers with species occurring in parts of Asia, Australia and Africa. They are remarkable for the sophistication of their automimicry.

<i>Pyrops</i> Genus of planthoppers

Pyrops is a genus of planthoppers that occur primarily in southeast Asia, containing about 70 species. They are fairly large insects, with much of the length due to an elongated, upcurving, snout-like projection of the head. The wings are generally brightly patterned in contrasting colors, and they are popular among collectors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cercopidae</span> Family of true bugs

Cercopidae are the largest family of Cercopoidea, a xylem-feeding insect group, commonly called froghoppers or spittlebugs. They belong to the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha. A 2023 phylogenetic study of the family suggested the elevation of subfamily Ischnorhininae to full family status as Ischnorhinidae, leaving a monophyletic Cercopinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flatidae</span> Family of planthoppers

Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems. Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions. Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Issidae</span> Family of planthoppers

Issidae is a family of planthoppers described by Spinola in 1839, belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha superfamily Fulgoroidea.

<i>Zanna</i> (planthopper) Genus of planthoppers

Zanna is a genus of tropical planthoppers found in Asia and Africa, now belonging to the monotypic subfamily Zanninae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lophopidae</span> Family of planthoppers

Lophopidae is a family of fulgoroid plant-hoppers with most species found in tropical South America and Asia.

<i>Penthicodes</i> Genus of planthoppers

Penthicodes is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Fulgoridae, subfamily Aphaeninae: found in South-East Asia. The genus name was formerly treated as feminine, but in 2022 it was revised to masculine in accordance with ICZN Article 30.1.4.4, changing the spelling of several species' names.

<i>Lycorma</i> Genus of planthoppers

Lycorma is a genus of planthoppers native to Asia. The first species within the genus was described by Frederick William Hope in 1843 and the genus was formally established by Carl Stål in 1863.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulgorinae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

The Fulgorinae are a sub-family of insects in the Auchenorrhyncha: which include the spectacular "lantern-bugs" and allied insects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delphacinae</span> Subfamily of planthoppers

Delphacinae is a subfamily of delphacid planthoppers in the family Delphacidae. There are at least 1,700 described species in Delphacinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Achilidae</span> Family of true bugs

Achilidae is a family of planthoppers, sometimes called "achilids" in the order Hemiptera. There are at least 520 described species in Achilidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dictyopharinae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

Dictyopharinae is a subfamily of dictyopharid planthoppers in the family Dictyopharidae. There more than 100 genera and 500 described species in Dictyopharinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poiocerinae</span> Subfamily of planthoppers

The subfamily Poiocerinae include Hemipteran insects in the family Fulgoridae, found especially in the tropics.

<i>Penthicodes variegatus</i> Species of planthopper

Penthicodes variegatus is a species of planthoppers in the subfamily Aphaeninae (Fulgoridae): found in South-East Asia. It belongs to the subgenus EreosomaKirkaldy, 1906. The genus name was formerly treated as feminine, but in 2022 it was revised to masculine in accordance with ICZN Article 30.1.4.4, changing the spelling of this species' name from variegata to variegatus.

Penthicodes pulchellus is a species of planthoppers in the subfamily Aphaeninae (Fulgoridae): found in southern India, Indo-China and Malesia. It belongs to the subgenus EreosomaKirkaldy, 1906. The genus name was formerly treated as feminine, but in 2022 it was revised to masculine in accordance with ICZN Article 30.1.4.4, changing the spelling of this species' name from pulchella to pulchellus.

<i>Penthicodes farinosus</i> Species of planthopper

Penthicodes farinosus is a species of planthoppers in the subfamily Aphaeninae (Fulgoridae): with five subspecies distributed in Indo-China and Malesia. The genus name was formerly treated as feminine, but in 2022 it was revised to masculine in accordance with ICZN Article 30.1.4.4, changing the spelling of this species' name from farinosa to farinosus.

Tropiduchus is a genus of planthoppers, recorded from Africa and Malesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Menoscinae</span>

The Menoscinae are a subfamily of planthoppers in the family Lophopidae erected by Leopold Melichar in 1915. Most genera are recorded from SE Asia through to Australia, but the single genus in tribe Carrioniini is Neotropical.

References

  1. Urban, Julie M.; Cryan, Jason R. (2009). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. PMID   19118634.
  2. "2010 Project Updates from the Cryan Lab" (PDF). University of Connecticut.
  3. Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web (FLOW): Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 (retrieved 30 August 2023)
  4. Constant, Jerome (2010). "The lanternfly genus Penthicodes: key to the species and review of the "Ereosoma group" with two new species and one new subspecies (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 2523: 1–26. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.1. Abstract
  5. Constant, Jerome (2013). "The Oriental lanternfly genus Scamandra: new species and taxonomical notes (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 3709 (2): 134–148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3709.2.2. PMID   26240901.
  6. Liang, Ai-Ping (1995). "Taxonomic changes in oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 103 (2): 162–164. JSTOR   25010151.
  7. Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018)
  8. Kevin Ambrose and Kasha Patel (13 Sep 2021). "The invasive spotted lantern fly is spreading across the Mid-Atlantic". The Washington Post.
  9. 1 2 Jonathan Edwards (15 Sep 2021). "A Kansas boy entered a unique insect at the state fair. It triggered a federal investigation". The Washington Post.