Pyrops

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Pyrops
Pyrops candelaria.jpg
Pyrops candelaria
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea
Family: Fulgoridae
Subfamily: Aphaeninae
Tribe: Pyropsini
Genus: Pyrops
Spinola, 1839
Type species
Pyrops candelaria
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
  • LaternariaLinnaeus, 1764 (Suppressed)
  • LanternariaLinnaeus, 1764 (Missp.)
  • ByropsSpinola, 1839 (Missp.)
  • PyrophorusSpinola, 1839 (Missp.)
  • PyropiSpinola, 1839 (Missp.)
  • HotinusAmyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
  • HotinaAmyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Missp.)
  • HotiniAmyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Missp.)

Pyrops is a genus of planthoppers that occur primarily in southeast Asia, containing about 70 species. [1] They are fairly large insects, with much of the length due to an elongated, upcurving, snout-like projection of the head. The wings are generally brightly patterned in contrasting colors, and they are popular among collectors.

Contents

Species

The genus has been divided into several species groups: [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Candelaria group

Pyrops lathburii ICPyropsCandelaria.jpg
Pyrops lathburii

"Cultellatus group"

Clavatus group

Effusus group

Oculatus group

Polillensis group

Pyrorhynchus group

Pyrops ruehli Lantern fly Pyrops ruehli Schmidt, 1926 (8035437592).jpg
Pyrops ruehli

Sultana group

Ungrouped species

Taxonomy

The genus name of Laternaria has been used by some authors, but this name was published in a work that was suppressed in 1955 by an official declaration of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN): Opinion 322. [10] [11] The type species is Pyrops candelaria .

A molecular phylogenetic study suggests that Pyrops is sister to the genus Saiva , and the tribe Pyropsini may not be properly placed in Fulgorinae. [12]

Ecology

Like many other plant-sap sucking insects, Pyrops species exude honeydew. This honeydew is sometimes gathered by other animals in trophobiotic associations. Pyrops whiteheadi and P. intricatus are known to be attended by Dorylaea spp. cockroaches in Southeast Asia. Pyrops whiteheadi has also been seen tended by a gecko, Gehyra mutilata . [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulgoridae</span> Family of true bugs

The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. Various genera and species are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies, but neither do their heads emit light, nor are they even distantly related to flies.

<i>Pyrops candelaria</i> Species of true bug

Pyrops candelaria is a species of planthopper often placed in the tribe Laternariini. This species has been recorded from: Guangdong, Guangxi, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Laos, Thailand and other parts of southeast Asia. It is the type of the genus Pyrops erected by Spinola in 1839.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aphaeninae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

The subfamily Aphaeninae is a group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, in the family Fulgoridae, or "lanternflies".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Issidae</span> Family of planthoppers

Issidae is a family of planthoppers described by Spinola in 1839, belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha superfamily Fulgoroidea.

<i>Pyrops clavatus</i> Species of true bug

Pyrops clavatus is a species of true bug in the family Fulgoridae, in the genus Pyrops which are sometimes called "lanternflies". This species is found in parts of northern and northeastern India, Myanmar, northern Thailand, southern China and northern Vietnam. The tip of the elongated head capsule is spheroidal, shiny and chestnut in colour while the remainder of the process is black with fine white spotting. The forewing has a variable patterning of black, grey and white. The hindwing is purplish white with the apical half black. Specimens have been obtained along the Himalayas west to Mussoorie but more often in Assam, Sikkim, Shillong and the Khasi Hills.

<i>Zanna</i> (planthopper) Genus of planthoppers

Zanna is a genus of tropical planthoppers found in Asia and Africa, now belonging to the monotypic subfamily Zanninae.

<i>Penthicodes</i> Genus of planthoppers

Penthicodes is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Fulgoridae, subfamily Aphaeninae: found in South-East Asia. The genus name was formerly treated as feminine, but in 2022 it was revised to masculine in accordance with ICZN Article 30.1.4.4, changing the spelling of several species' names.

<i>Pyrops watanabei</i> Species of true bug

Pyrops watanabei is a species of planthopper endemic to Taiwan. Pyrops atroalbus was formerly considered a subspecies; its status as a species was reinstated in 2017. P. watanabei was first described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1913 as Fulgora watanabei.

<i>Calyptoproctus</i> Genus of planthoppers

Calyptoproctus is a genus of planthoppers in the family Fulgoridae; records are from Central and South America.

<i>Pyrops maculatus</i> Species of true bug

Pyrops maculatus is a species of planthopper belonging to the family Fulgoridae. A population is found in Sri Lanka while another is known from southwestern India.

<i>Lycorma</i> Genus of planthoppers

Lycorma is a genus of planthoppers native to Asia. The first species within the genus was described by Frederick William Hope in 1843 and the genus was formally established by Carl Stål in 1863.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulgorinae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

The Fulgorinae are a sub-family of insects in the Auchenorrhyncha: which include the spectacular "lantern-bugs" and allied insects.

<i>Polydictya</i> Genus of planthoppers

Polydictya is a genus of planthoppers in the sub-family Poiocerinae Haupt, 1929. Species are distributed from India, through Indo-China, to Malesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poiocerinae</span> Subfamily of planthoppers

The subfamily Poiocerinae include Hemipteran insects in the family Fulgoridae, found especially in the tropics.

<i>Belbina</i> Genus of planthoppers

Belbina is a genus of planthoppers in the subfamily Enchophorinae (Fulgoridae): erected by Carl Stål in 1863; There are some 12 species presently known, occurring in Madagascar.

<i>Scamandra</i> Genus of planthoppers

Scamandra is a genus of planthoppers in the subfamily Aphaeninae (Fulgoridae): found in Malesia.

<i>Lycorma imperialis</i> Species of insect

Lycorma imperialis is a planthopper indigenous to parts of China and Indo-Malaysia. L. imperialis was originally discovered in 1846 by Adam White and has one recognized non-nominate subspecies, L. i. punicea. L. imperialis has undergone a number of reclassifications since its discovery and is one of four species in the genus Lycorma. L. imperialis follows a hemimetabolous life cycle and will undergo a series of nymphal stages (instars) before maturing to an adult.

Egregia is a genus of planthoppers in the family Fulgoridae, subfamily Aphaeninae. Species are distributed in Malesia. As of 2020, the number of species increased to 24.

<i>Pyrops lathburii</i> Species of lanternfly

Pyrops lathburii is a species of lanternfly found in northern India, northern Thailand, southern China, Laos, and Vietnam.

<i>Pyrops sultana</i> Species of plant hoppers

Pyrops sultana is a species of lanternfly found on the island of Borneo.

References

  1. Spinola, M (1839). "Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 8: 339–454.
  2. "Asian Lanternflies: The genus Pyrops · iNaturalist".
  3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318455874_Pyrops_nishiguroi_n_sp_a_new_Fulgoridae_from_Philippines_with_some_notes_on_the_Pyrops_oculatus_group_Hemiptera_Fulgoromorpha
  4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320729181_The_new_polillensis_group_in_the_lanternfly_genus_Pyrops_Taxonomy_distribution_and_host_plant_Hemiptera_Fulgoridae
  5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348976298_The_Oriental_lanternfly_Pyrops_itoi_Sato_Nagai_1994_New_synonymy_and_distribution_records_Hemiptera_Fulgoromorpha_Fulgoridae?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb24iLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwdWJsaWNhdGlvbiJ9fQ
  6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315657054_Review_of_the_clavatus_group_of_the_lanternfly_genus_Pyrops_Hemiptera_Fulgoromorpha_Fulgoridae?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb24iLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwdWJsaWNhdGlvbiJ9fQ
  7. Constant, Jérôme & Mohan, Ashwini Venkatanarayana (2017). "The lanternflies from Andaman and Nicobar: one new Pyrops species, new records and illustrated key to the species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Belgian Journal of Entomology. 49: 1–24.
  8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359973157_The_Lanternfly_genus_Pyrops_in_Vietnam_A_new_species_from_Central_Vietnam_taxonomic_changes_checklist_identification_key_Hemiptera_Fulgoromorpha_Fulgoridae
  9. "TaxonPages: World Auchenorrhyncha Database - Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818)".
  10. ICZN (1955). "Opinion 322. Validation, under the Plenary Powers, of the generic name Fulgora Linnaeus, 1767 (Class lnsecta, Order Hemiptera) and designation for the genus so named of a type species in harmony with current nomenclatorial practice". Opinions and Declaractions Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 9 (13): 185–208. doi:10.5962/p.149561.
  11. Fennah, R. G. (1951). "Proposed use of the plenary powers to designate a type species for the genus "Fulgora" Linnaeus 1767, and to suppress the generic name "Laternaria" Linnaeus 1764 (class Insecta, order Hemiptera)". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 6: 34–37. doi: 10.5962/bhl.part.15979 .
  12. Urban, Julie M. & Cryan, Jason R. (2009-03-01). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: The first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. Bibcode:2009MolPE..50..471U. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. PMID   19118634.
  13. Constant, Jérôme (2015-07-08). "Review of the effusus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (128): 1–23. doi: 10.5852/ejt.2015.128 .