Apis mellifera anatoliaca

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Apis mellifera anatoliaca
Apis mellifera anatoliaca 113577770.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Apidae
Genus: Apis
Species:
Subspecies:
A. m. anatoliaca
Trinomial name
Apis mellifera anatoliaca
Maa, 1953

Apis mellifera anatoliaca (known commonly as the Anatolian honey bee) is a subspecies of Apis mellifera (honey bees).

Contents

Habitat

This bee is endemic [1] [2] to the Anatolian region of Turkey, [3] [4] populating the central and western parts of the country, but not European Turkey, as later research identified the honey bees of the Thrace region as primarily A. m. carnica . [5]

Taxonomy

This bee type belongs to the branch of bee classified by Ruttner (1988) as "Oriental". [6] A recent genetic study confirmed that the sub-species belongs to an Eastern Europe branch of the genotype of the honey bee. Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleaic acid (mtDNA) analysis of Thracian bees showed some similarities to the Apis mellifera carnica, although this same similarity was absent from Anatolian bee samples (Smith and Brown (1990) & Meixner et al. (1993). The cause of this is given as inter-breeding of native populations with nearby Austrian, Slovakian and Croatian bees. [7]

Related Research Articles

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The Buckfast bee is a breed of honey bee, a cross of many subspecies and their strains, developed by Brother Adam, who was in charge of beekeeping from 1919 at Buckfast Abbey in Devon in the United Kingdom. Breeding of the Buckfast bee is now done by breeders throughout Europe belonging to the Federation of European Buckfast Beekeepers (G.D.E.B.). This organization maintains a pedigree for Buckfast bees, originating from the time of Brother Adam.

Within biological taxonomy, a honey bee race would be an informal rank in the taxonomic hierarchy, below the level of subspecies. It has been used as a higher rank than strain, with several strains making up one race. Therefore, a strain is a lower-level taxonomic rank used at the intraspecific level within a race of a subspecies. Strains are often seen as inherently artificial concepts, more usually within biology as characterized by a specific intent for genetic isolation, however, within beekeeping circles, strain is more likely to be used to describe very minor differences throughout the same subspecies, such as the color ranges of A. m. carnica from brown to grey. Within A. m. ligustica there are two races, the darker leather brown northern Italian bee from the Ligurian Alps region which was discovered to be resistant to acarine in the 1900s, while the other Italian bee race, from regions near Bologna and further south, was highly susceptible to acarine and within this race there are two color strains, the traditional Italian yellow and a rarer all-golden color.

<i>European dark bee</i> Subspecies of honey bee

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caucasian honey bee</span> Subspecies of western honey bee

The Caucasian honey bee is a subspecies of the western honey bee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape honey bee</span> Subspecies of honey bee

The Cape honey bee or Cape bee is a southern South African subspecies of the western honey bee. They play a major role in South African agriculture and the economy of the Western Cape by pollinating crops and producing honey in the Western Cape region of South Africa. The species is endemic to the Western Cape region of South Africa on the coastal side of the Cape Fold mountain range.

The Maltese honey bee, Apis mellifera ruttneri, is a subspecies of the western honey bee, endemic to the Maltese islands which are situated in the Mediterranean Sea.

<i>Apis mellifera macedonica</i> Subspecies of Western honey bee

The Macedonian bee is a subspecies of the Western honey bee. It is found mainly in Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Northern Greece and other places in the Balkans as well. Originally this subspecies was described based on morphological characteristics by Friedrich Ruttner, as were the adami, cecropia and cypria subspecies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western honey bee</span> European honey bee

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Beekeeping is first recorded in Ireland in the seventh century. It has seen a surge in popularity in modern times, with the membership of beekeeping associations exceeding 4,500. The median average number of hives per beekeeper is three hives, while the average honey output per hive is 11.4 kg. The growth in the practice has occurred despite increased pressures on bees and beekeepers due to parasites, diseases and habitat loss.

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Apis mellifera sossimai extending from the west of Ukraine centrally and southwards towards the Caucasus mountains. However in 2011 research from Russia conducted mtDNA analysis showing that the A. m. sossimai was not a separate subspecies, but only an ecotype of the Apis mellifera macedonica subspecies.

Apis mellifera taurica along the north central shores of the Black Sea, in the Crimea. However in 2011 research from Russia questioned the taxonomic status of A. m. taurica citing mtDNA analysis to the north and west of Crimea, which had shown that those regions did not have distinct subspecies, but that their honey bees were at the most ecotypes of previously known subspecies.

Apis mellifera syriaca is known by the common name of the Syrian honey bee, sometimes also called the Palestine honey bee.

Apis mellifera remipes is known by the common name of the Armenian honey bee and is reported to occur in the region of Armenia, however numerous names have been assigned to honey bees within this area leading to considerable confusion as to the correct name which should be used. There has also been doubts raised as to whether the A. m. remipes has been misidentified, and is not actually the A. m. anatoliaca to the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drone congregation area</span> Location where bees mate

A drone congregation area is an aerial region where honeybee drones and virgin queens gather to mate.

References

  1. (French) Brother Adam & G.Ledent (perso.fundp.ac.be website) referenced content within 3rd sentence of L'abeille d'Anatolie Centrale in BA 29(4) 1965 p81-85 of La Belgique Apicole,28 & 29 1964–65 [Retrieved 2011-12-21]
  2. Akyol, Ethem; Yeninar, Halil; Korkmaz, Ali; Çakmak, İbrahim (January 2008). "An observation study on the effects of queen age on some characteristics of honey bee colonies". Italian Journal of Animal Science. 7 (1): 19–25. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2008.19 . S2CID   86656741.
  3. Kandemi̇r, İrfan; Kence, Meral; Kence, Aykut (30 June 2005). "Morphometric and Electrophoretic Variation in Different Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations". Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 29 (3): 885–890. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.606.5253 .[ permanent dead link ]
  4. Bloch, Guy; Francoy, Tiago M.; Wachtel, Ido; Panitz-Cohen, Nava; Fuchs, Stefan; Mazar, Amihai (22 June 2010). "Industrial apiculture in the Jordan valley during Biblical times with Anatolian honeybees". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (25): 11240–11244. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10711240B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003265107 . PMC   2895135 . PMID   20534519.
  5. Ahmet Güler, Yuksel Bek, and Hurriyet Guven (2010). "The Importance of Morphometric Geometry on Discrimination of Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica) and Caucasian (A. m. caucasica) Honey Bee Subspecies and in Determining Their Relationship to Thrace Region Bee Genotype". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 2 (83): 154–162. Retrieved 24 January 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. M. B. F. Adl, H. V. Gençer, Ç. Firatli and R. Bahrein (2007). "Morphometric characterization of Iranian (Apis mellifera meda), Central Anatolian (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) and Caucasian (Apis mellifera caucasica) honey bee populations". Journal of Apicultural Research and Bee World. 4 (46): 225–231. Retrieved 24 January 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Deborah R.Smith (2002) (referencing 54 studies)uludagaricilik.org.tr website Uladag Bee Journal 2002[Retrieved 2011-12-21]

H. V. Gençer, E. Başpinar, Ç. Firatli (2003) website The Graphic Evaluation of Morphological Characters in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) by Chernoff FacesTARIM BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ 2004, 10 (3) 245–249