List of Apis mellifera subspecies

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Apis mellifera, the western honey bee , has many subspecies. The most recent taxonomic revision in 1999 recognized 28 subspecies [1] and three additional subspecies have been described since then (Apis mellifera pomonella in 2003, Apis mellifera simensis in 2011, and Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan in 2016; see below). Other sources recognize as many as 33 subspecies. [2]

Contents

Apis mellifera Apis mellifera76-300.jpg
Apis mellifera

Subspecies of Africa

Subspecies of the Middle East and Asia

Subspecies of Europe

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Michael S Engel (1999). "The taxonomy of recent and fossil honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Apis)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 8 (2): 180. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  2. Rustem A. Ilyasov, Myeong-lyeol Lee, Jun-ichi Takahashi, Hyung Wook Kwon, Alexey G. Nikolenko (2020). "A revision of subspecies structure of western honey bee Apis mellifera". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 27 (12): 3615–3621. Bibcode:2020SJBS...27.3615I. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.001. PMC   7714978 . PMID   33304172.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/egyptian-honeybee/ Egyptian honeybee Ark of taste
  4. Nielsen, D.I.; Ebert, P.R.; Page, R.E.; Hunt, G.J.; Guzmán-Novoa, E. (January 2000). "Improved Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Mitochondrial Genotype Assay for Identification of the Africanized Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)" . Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 93 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0001:IPCRBM]2.0.CO;2. S2CID   86223636.
  5. Abramson, Charles I.; Aquino, Italo S. (2002). "Behavioral Studies of Learning in the Africanized Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.)" . Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 59 (1–2): 68–86. doi:10.1159/000063734. PMID   12097861. S2CID   44570522.
  6. Meixner, Marina D.; Leta, Messele Abebe; Koeniger, Nikolaus; Fuchs, Stefan (2011). "The honey bees of Ethiopia represent a new subspecies of Apis melliferaApis mellifera simensis n. ssp" (PDF). Apidologie. 42 (3): 425–437. doi:10.1007/s13592-011-0007-y. S2CID   2294716.
  7. 1 2 3 Fontana, Paolo; et al. (2018). "Appeal for biodiversity protection of native honey bee subspecies of Apis mellifera in Italy" (PDF). Bulletin of Insectology. 71 (2): 257–271. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  8. Yılmaz, Prof Dr Orhan. "Honey Bee Biology In Turkey".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Renaud, Tabitha (2010). Finding worth in the wilderness (Thesis ed.). Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa. p. 74. ISBN   9780494741429 . Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  10. 1 2 Andonov, S. (2014). "Swarming, defensive and hygienic behaviour in honey bee colonies of different genetic origin in a pan-European experiment". Journal of Apicultural Research. 53 (2): 248–260. Bibcode:2014JApiR..53..248U. doi: 10.3896/IBRA.1.53.2.06 . S2CID   56261380 . Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  11. Sheppard, Walter S.; Meixner, Marina D. (July 2003). "a new honey bee subspecies from Central Asia" (PDF). Apidologie. 34 (4): 367–375. doi: 10.1051/apido:2003037 .
  12. Chao Chen; et al. (January 27, 2016). "Genomic Analyses Reveal Demographic History and Temperate Adaptation of the Newly Discovered Honey Bee Subspecies Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan n. ssp". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (5): 1337–1348. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw017 . PMC   4839221 . PMID   26823447.