| Appiani | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |  Republic of Pisa  Lordship of Piombino Principality of Piombino |
| Founded | 13th century |
| Founder | Benvenuto da Appiano |
| Final ruler | Isabella Appiani |
| Titles | |
| Dissolution | 1661 |
The Appiani family (also Appiano or d'Appiano) was an Italian noble family, originally from Al Piano or Appiano, a now disappeared toponym identified with the modern La Pieve in the comune of Ponsacco. They held the principality of Piombino from the early 15th century until 1628.
The family originated in the region of Appiano val d'Era, in the present day province of Pisa. The first known member is one Guarnito d'Appiano, a notary who lived between 1200 and 1255; his son Jacopo (flourished at Pisa c. 1230-1290) was also a notary, as well as his grandson Benvenuto, who became chief of the Pisane Corporation of Notaries. His grand-grandson Vanni, also a notary, became an Anziano ("Elder", meaning consul) of Pisa and then Chancellor of the Senate of Lucca in 1347, before he was beheaded at Pisa in May 1355. His son Jacopo (c. 1322 - 1398) became Chancellor of the Republic of Pisa and head of the political party of the Raspanti, associated with the Della Gherardesca family. In 1392, after assassinating Pietro Gambacorti and his sons, he became effective lord of Pisa. [1]
He was succeeded by his son Gherardo (c. 1370-1405) in 1398, who, one year later, ceded the seigniory of Pisa to Gian Galeazzo Visconti, lord of Milan; when the latter died, Pisa was sold to Florence by Gabriele Maria Visconti, while the Appiani retained the lordship of Piombino, Suvereto, Buriano, Scarlino, Vignale, Populonia, Elba, Pianosa and Montecristo. Gherardo was succeeded by his son Iacopo II in 1404; at his death (1441), his mother and regent Paola Colonna clashed against Emanuele Appiani for Piombino. Paola Colonna died in 1445, and the rule went to Caterina, Iacopo II's sister, although the effective rule was held by her husband Rinaldo Orsini. Rinaldo died of plague in 1450 and Caterina in 1451, after which Emanuele was elected lord of Piombino by the population. [2]
Iacopo V married three nieces of the Medici pope Leo X: Emilia Ridolfi, her younger sister Clarice (daughters of Contessina de' Medici) and finally Elena Salviati (daughter of Lucrezia de' Medici), but had issue only by Elena. However, his son Iacopo VI was ousted from Piombino in 1548 by emperor Charles V, who assigned his lands to Cosimo I, Duke of Tuscany. [3] Iacopo was restored in 1559, though three years later a popular revolt forced him to fight in the Tuscan navy, leaving his son Alessandro as governor. Alessandro was able to obtain the imperial legitimation, but was killed by the populace in 1589 after four years of reign. Iacopo VII succeeded him, obtaining from emperor Rudolf II the title of prince. After Iacopo died heirless in 1603, Piombino went to a cousin, but the principality was actually held by Isabella Appiani until 1628, when she was ousted; finally, in 1634 emperor Ferdinand II assigned Piombino to Niccolò Ludovisi, who married a daughter of Isabella. [4]
Piombino is an Italian town and comune of about 35,000 inhabitants in the province of Livorno (Tuscany). It lies on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma.
Rinaldo degli Albizzi (1370–1442) was an Italian nobleman, a member of the Florentine family of the Albizzi. Along with Palla Strozzi, he was the primary opponent of Cosimo de' Medici's rise in Florence.
Rinaldo Orsini was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Orsini family.
The Lordship of Piombino, and after 1594 the Principality of Piombino, was a small state on the Italian peninsula centred on the town of Piombino and including part of the island of Elba. A vassal of the Kingdom of Naples associated to the State of the Presidios and a territory of the Holy Roman Empire formed from the remnants of the Republic of Pisa, it existed from 1399 to 1805, when it was merged into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino. In 1815 it was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Iacopo V Appiani was the lord of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty from 1511 until his death.
Lucrezia Maria Romola de' Medici was an Italian noblewoman, the eldest daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici and Clarice Orsini and mother of Maria Salviati and Giovanni Salviati. Her portrait was considered as the baby Jesus in Our Lady of the Magnificat of Sandro Botticelli.
Jacopo III Appiano, VI Lord of Piombino was an Italian nobleman.
Emanuele Appiani was Prince of Piombino during the Appiani dynasty in the Renaissance.
Paola Colonna was the lady of Piombino from 1441 until 1445.
Caterina Appiani was the lady of Piombino of the Appiani dynasty from 1445 until her death.
Iacopo II Appiani was the lord of Piombino from 1411 until 1427.
Gherardo Appiani was the lord of Piombino from 1398 until his death. He was a member of the Appiani family.
Jacopo Salviati was a Florentine politician and son-in-law of Lorenzo de' Medici. On 10 September 1486 he married Lorenzo's daughter Lucrezia de' Medici, with whom he had ten children. The son of Giovanni Salviati and Maddalena Gondi, he devoted himself to the economic affairs of the family, becoming very wealthy. He then engaged in political life. He was Prior of the Guilds in 1499 and 1518, then gonfaloniere of Justice in 1514. In 1513, he was appointed ambassador to Rome.
Isabella Appiani was Princess of Piombino from 1611 until 1628. Through her father, she was a descendant of Lorenzo de' Medici.
Jacopo Inghirami was admiral of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and marquis of Montevitozzo.
IacopoVI Appiani was the lord of Piombino from 1545 until his death, although he was expelled from his state between 1548 and 1557. He was the son and heir of Iacopo V and his wife, Elena, daughter of Giacomo Salviati. He was a child when he succeeded his father, and was placed under the protection of the Emperor Charles V, while his mother presided over a council of regency.
Contessina Antonia Romola di Lorenzo de' Medici was an Italian noblewoman, ninth child and fifth and last daughter of Lorenzo the Magnificent, Lord of Florence, and his wife Clarice Orsini. She was the wife of the Count Palatine Piero Ridolfi and the younger sister of Pope Leo X, as well as the cousin of Pope Clement VII.
Ormanno di Rinaldo degli Albizzi was an Italian ambassador and military, firstborn of Rinaldo degli Albizzi and his wife Alessandra de' Ricco.
Semiramide Appiano was an Italian noblewoman, daughter of the Lord of Piombino Jacopo III Appiano and wife of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici. She was the granddaughter of the famous Simonetta Vespucci, Botticelli's muse.
