Arini (tribe)

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Arini
Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg
Blue-and-yellow macaw
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Subfamily: Arinae
Tribe: Arini
G. R. Gray, 1840
Genera

Anodorhynchus
Ara
Aratinga
Cyanoliseus
Cyanopsitta
Diopsittaca
Enicognathus
Eupsittula
Guaruba
Leptosittaca
Ognorhynchus
Orthopsittaca
Primolius
Psittacara
Pyrrhura
Rhynchopsitta
Thectocercus
Conuropsis

Contents

The Arini tribe of the neotropical parrots is a monophyletic clade of macaws and parakeets (commonly called conures in aviculture) characterized by colorful plumage and long, tapering tails. They occur throughout Mexico, Central America, and South America, the Caribbean and the southern United States. One genus and several species are extinct; another genus is extinct in the wild. Two species are known only through subfossil remains. About a dozen hypothetical extinct species (see Extinct Caribbean macaws) have been described, native to the Caribbean area. [1] [2] Among the Arini are some of the rarest birds in the world, such as Spix's macaw, which is extinct in the wild – fewer than 100 specimens survive in captivity. It also contains the largest flighted parrot in the world, the hyacinth macaw. Some species, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw and sun conure are popular pet parrots.

Molecular studies have dated the divergence of the Arini tribe from the ancestral neotropical parrots to late in the Paleogene period about 30–35 million years ago.

Taxonomy

The Arini are one of three recognized clades in subfamily Arinae of neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae of Afrotropical and neotropical parrots, one of three families of true parrots.

ImageGenusLiving Species
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus -zoo de La Palmyre-8a.jpg Anodorhynchus Spix, 1824
Cyanopsitta spixii -Vogelpark Walsrode, Walsrode, Germany-1980.jpg Cyanopsitta Bonaparte, 1854
Ara chloropterus -Manati Park -Dominican Republic-8a.jpg Ara Lacépède, 1799
Ara-rudobrichy.jpg Orthopsittaca Ridgway, 1912
Blue-headed Macaw RWD2.jpg Primolius Bonaparte, 1857
Parrot-Canaima-Venezuela04.JPG Diopsittaca Ridgway, 1912
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha -captive-8a-4c.jpg Rhynchopsitta Bonaparte, 1854
Ognorhynchus icterotis -Colombia-8.jpg Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, 1857
Guaruba BiahBkw.jpg Guaruba Lesson, 1830
Leptosittaca branickii -Tapichalaca Reserve-8.jpg Leptosittaca Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894
Karolinasittich 01.jpg Conuropsis Salvadori, 1891
  • Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis (extinct)
  • Conuropsis fratercula (extinct, proposed genus Conuropsis contested, known from subfossil remains)
Aratinga -San Francisco -feral parrot-8.jpg Psittacara Vigors, 1825
Aratinga solstitialis -Singapore BirdPark-6.jpg Aratinga Spix, 1824
Eupsittula canicularis, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica 1.jpg Eupsittula Bonaparte, 1853
Aratinga acuticaudata -San Isidro -Bolivia -eating-8.jpg Thectocercus Vieillot, 1818
Burrowing Parrot RWD1.jpg Cyanoliseus Bonaparte, 1854
Maroon-bellied Conure (Pyrrhura frontalis) -Sao Paulo.jpg Pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1856
Cachana.jpg Enicognathus G.R. Gray, 1840

See also

References

  1. "Mystery Macaws of the West Indies".
  2. Turvey, S. T. (2010). "A new historical record of macaws on Jamaica". Archives of Natural History. 37 (2): 348–351. doi:10.3366/anh.2010.0016.