| Venezuelan parakeet | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | Pyrrhura |
| Species: | P. emma |
| Binomial name | |
| Pyrrhura emma Salvadori, 1891 | |
| Synonyms | |
Pyrrhura picta emma | |
The Venezuelan parakeet (Pyrrhura emma) or Emma's conure is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Venezuela. [3]
The Venezuelan parakeet's taxonomy is unsettled. At one time it was considered a subspecies of what is now the white-eared parakeet (P. leucotis). The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treat it as a full species. The IOC considers it to be monotypic but HBW assigns it two subspecies, P. e. emma and P. e. auricularis. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy consider it to be a subspecies of the painted parakeet (P. picta). [4] [5] [6]
This article follows the IOC treatment.
The Venezuelan parakeet is 22 to 23 cm (8.7 to 9.1 in) long. The sexes are the same. Adults have a blue crown, a plum-red face, a gray-brown nape, and whitish ear coverts. Their upperparts are mostly green with a red-brown rump. Their chin, throat, and the sides of their neck are gray-olive with pale scaling. The center of their belly is red-brown and the rest of their underparts are green. Their wing is mostly green with a red-brown shoulder and blue primaries. Their tail is red-brown. Their bill is dusky and their eyes orange to yellow with bare dark gray skin surrounding them. Immatures are similar to adults. [7]
The Venezuelan parakeet is found in two separate areas of the Venezuelan Coastal Range. One population is found between Yaracuy and Miranda and the other from Anzoátegui to Sucre and northern Monagas. [1] It inhabits the interior and edges of humid and wet forest and also clearings with scattered trees. In elevation it primarily ranges between 250 and 1,700 m (800 and 5,600 ft) but is found down to sea level in Sucre. [7]
The Venezuelan parakeet is not known to have any pattern of movement. [7]
The Venezulelan parakeet's foraging behavior and diet are not well known. It usually travels in flocks of up to about 30 individuals, and has been recorded feeding on fruits, flowers, and nectar. [7]
The Venezuelan parakeet's breeding season is thought to be May to July but nothing else is known about its breeding biology. [7]
The Venezuelan parakeet's call is "a loud, harsh “kik-kik-kik-kik” ". It also makes a "“wa-Ke-Ke-Ke-ka” in anger or distress when perched". [7]
The IUCN has assessed the Venezuelan parakeet as being of Least Concern. It has a large range but its population size is not known and is thought to be decreasing. "Trapping for trade and land-use changes may be driving a decline in the population, although neither of these threats are regarded as serious for this species at present." [1] It is considered fairly common and occurs in several national parks and other preserves. [7]
The Pacific parakeet, known as Pacific conure or Nicaraguan green conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
The green parakeet, green conure or Mexican green conure is a New World parrot. As defined by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), it is endemic to Mexico.
The cliff parakeet is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Bolivia.
The Socorro parakeet, known in aviculture as the Socorro green conure or Socorro conure, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Socorro Island in the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico.
The Hispaniolan parakeet is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to the island of Hispaniola which is shared by the Dominican Republic and Haiti. In the former country it is called "perico" and in the latter "perruche".
The mitred parakeet, also known as the mitred conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. It has been introduced to Uruguay and is established there. There are also substantial populations in the US states of California and Florida and smaller numbers in Hawaii.
The red-throated parakeet, called red-throated conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
The scarlet-fronted parakeet, known in aviculture as the scarlet-fronted conure,red-fronted conure, or Wagler's conure, is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The cobalt-winged parakeet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
The maroon-tailed parakeet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The painted parakeet, known as the painted conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The rufous-banded owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The ash-throated crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile.
The rose-fronted parakeet, known as the rose-fronted conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
The black-dotted piculet, also known as the black-spotted piculet, is a subspecies of bird in subfamily Picumninae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The foothill screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The citron-throated toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The Sinú parakeet is a bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World recognizes it as a full species. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a subspecies of the painted parakeet.
The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
The cordilleran parakeet is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
