The Eisenhower Doctrine was a policy enunciated by Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 5, 1957, within a "Special Message to the Congress on the Situation in the Middle East". Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism". The phrase "international communism" made the doctrine much broader than simply responding to Soviet military action. A danger that could be linked to communists of any nation could conceivably invoke the doctrine.
Protiviti Inc. (Protiviti) is a global consulting firm headquartered in Menlo Park, California that provides consulting solutions in internal audit, risk and compliance, technology, business processes, data analytics and finance. It is a subsidiary under Robert Half International.
The General Intelligence Service, often referred to as the Mukhabarat is an Egyptian intelligence agency responsible for providing national security intelligence, both domestically and transnationally, with a counter-terrorism focus. The GIS is part of the Egyptian intelligence community, together with the Office of Military Intelligence Services and Reconnaissance and National Security Agency.
The three-line United Nations Security Council Resolution 338, adopted on October 22, 1973, called for a ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War in accordance with a joint proposal by the United States and the Soviet Union. The resolution stipulated a cease fire to take effect within 12 hours of the adoption of the resolution. The "appropriate auspices" was interpreted to mean American or Soviet rather than UN auspices. This third clause helped to establish the framework for the Geneva Conference (1973) held in December 1973.
Commercial International Bank (Egypt) S.A.E. is an Egyptian private-sector bank. The company corporate headquarters are located in Cairo, Egypt. The bank serves more than 500,000 clients and has more than 6,000 employees.
EFG Hermes Holding S.A.E. is an Egyptian investment bank present in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and specializes in securities brokerage, asset management, investment banking, private equity and research. EFG Hermes serves a range of clients including sovereign wealth funds, endowments, corporations, financial institutions, high-net-worth clients and individual customers. EFG Hermes is listed on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX) and London (LSE) stock exchanges. EFG Hermes has offices in Egypt, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Jordan and Lebanon with over 800 people from 25 nationalities. They serve clients from the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and the United States. EFG Hermes owns a 63.7% majority stake in the Lebanese commercial bank, Credit Libanais.
Cairo Aviation is an airline based in Cairo, Egypt. It started operations in November 1998 and operates charter flights mainly to the Middle East. Its main base is Cairo International Airport. The airline has since ceased all operations.
The Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies is a conservative Israeli think tank conducting policy-relevant research on Middle Eastern and global strategic affairs, particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and regional peace and stability. The center's mission is to contribute to promoting peace and security in the Middle East, through policy-oriented researches on national security in the Middle East. It is located at the Social Sciences Faculty of Bar-Ilan University. The center was founded by Thomas Hecht, a Canadian-Jewish leader, and was dedicated to Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, who signed the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty, the first peace agreement ever signed between Israel and an Arab country.
The Internet in Egypt is an important part of daily life, as a majority of the population has access to Internet, via smartphones, Internet cafes, or at home. Broadband Internet access via ADSL is widespread. However, Internet censorship and surveillance was severe under the rule of Hosni Mubarak, culminating in a total shutdown of the Internet in Egypt during the 2011 Revolution. Though Internet access was restored following Mubarak's ouster, government censorship and surveillance have increased since the 2013 coup d'état, leading U.S. NGO Freedom House to downgrade Egypt's Internet freedom ranking from "partly free" in 2011 to "not free" in 2015.
The Cairo Derby is a football match between Egyptian clubs Al Ahly SC and Zamalek. It is a match between arguably the two most successful clubs in Egypt and Africa. Ahly and Zamalek were named by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) as The 1st and 2nd African Clubs of the 20th Century respectively. Both teams are located in Greater Cairo and their matches are considered the highlight of the football season with a live broadcast to most of the Middle Eastern and North African countries since the 1970s. Usually the derby is played twice each season with 2 matches in the Egyptian Premier League, but it is not uncommon to find the teams meeting each other in the Egypt Cup, especially in the final, and in Africa's most prestigious club competition, the CAF Champions League.
AMIDEAST is a U.S. non-profit organization that works to strengthen mutual understanding and cooperation between Americans and the peoples of the Middle East and North Africa, and to offer opportunities for Learning and training. Established in 1951 and based in Washington, DC, the organization is headed by CEO Theodore H. Kattouf. In 2016 Amideast provided English language and professional training to 58,000 students, gave lectures on education in USA to 87,000 attendants, administered 200,000 tests, and offered scholarships to 1,700 applicants. As of 2018 Amideast provides its services to 500,000 people.
Sherifa D. Zuhur is an academic and national security scholar of the Middle East and Islamic world.
Isobel Coleman is an American diplomat, author, entrepreneur and former management consultant. She is currently the Chief Operating Officer of GiveDirectly, a New York based non-profit that helps families living in extreme poverty by making unconditional cash transfers via mobile phones. During the second term of the Obama Administration, Coleman served as the U.S. Representative to the United Nations for UN Management and Reform with the rank of ambassador. She was previously a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, CEO of a healthcare recruitment company and a partner with McKinsey & Company.
In the United States, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs or ASD (ISA) is the principal advisor to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy and the United States Secretary of Defense on international security strategy and policy on issues of Department of Defense (DoD) interest related to the governments and defense establishments of the nations and international organizations of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The ASD (ISA) also oversees security cooperation programs and foreign military sales programs in these regions. Despite the broad title of the office, the ASD (ISA) does not develop policy related to Asia, the Pacific region, Latin America, or South America.
INDEVCO Group, an international group of manufacturing companies, manufactures corrugated, plastic and paper packaging, tissue, as well as household, institutional, and personal care disposables. The group, headquartered in Ajaltoun, Lebanon, operates in over 65 countries and employs around 9400 people in 60 companies.
Karim Alrawi is a writer born in Alexandria, Egypt. His family emigrated to England then to Canada. He was an International Writing Fellow at the University of Iowa and taught creative writing at the university's International Writing Program. He has taught at universities in the UK, Egypt, US and Canada.
Hassan Abdalla - حسن عبد الله; is an Egyptian financier globally recognized for his expertise in treasury and investment services. He is the Chief Executive Officer of the Arab African International Bank (AAIB), a leading regional financial services institution with a strong banking tradition that spans more than half a century since its inception in 1964. Established by a special law as a joint venture between the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) and the Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA), AAIB was Egypt's first Arab multinational bank, unique in its focus on leveraging the wealth of the region, not just Egypt.
Careem is a vehicle for hire company based in Dubai, with operations in over 100 cities in 14 countries in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. The company was valued at over $2 billion as of 2018. It is a subsidiary of Uber, with an independent brand and separate operations.
Kamal Mohamed Ataya is a Lebanese business executive. He was the Chief Executive Officer of RAK GAS LLC. He was appointed to the position of chief executive officer of the company in 2013 and left in 2018.
Following the Arab Spring, the military tightened its control of the Egyptian economy. Details of the military's role in the economy are unclear given that statistics regarding the economy are absent or known to be wildly inaccurate.
