Total population | |
---|---|
55,000 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Tbilisi | |
Languages | |
Armenian | |
Religion | |
Armenian Apostolic Church | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Armenians in Georgia |
Year | TOTAL | Armenians | % |
---|---|---|---|
1801-3 [1] [2] | 20,000 | 14,860 | 74.3% |
1864/65 winter [3] | 60,085 | 28,404 | 47.3% |
1864/65 summer [3] | 71,051 | 31,180 | 43.9% |
1876 [4] | 104,024 | 37,610 | 36.1% |
1897 [5] | 159,590 | 41,151 | 36.4% |
1916 [6] | 346,766 | 149,294 | 43% |
1926 [7] | 294,044 | 100,148 | 34.1% |
1939 [7] | 519,220 | 137,331 | 26.4% |
1959 [7] | 694,664 | 149,258 | 21.5% |
1970 [7] | 889,020 | 150,205 | 16.9% |
1979 [7] | 1,052,734 | 152,767 | 14.5% |
2002 [8] | 1,081,679 | 82,586 | 7.6% |
2014 [9] | 1,108,717 | 53,409 | 4.8% |
The Armenians have historically been one of the main ethnic groups in the city of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. Armenians are the largest ethnic minority in Tbilisi at 4.8% of the population. Armenians migrated to the Georgian lands in the Middle Ages, during the Muslim rule of Armenia. They formed the single largest group of city's population in the 19th century. Official Georgian statistics of 2014 put the number of Armenians in Tbilisi at 53,409 people. [10]
Tbilisi or Tiflis (as most Armenians call it) was the center of cultural life of Armenians in the Russian Empire from early 19th century to early 20th century.
The Armenian history and contribution to the capital city of Tbilisi (known as Tiflis in Armenian, Russian, Persian, Azerbaijani and Turkish) is significant. After the Russian conquest of the area, Armenians fleeing persecution in the Ottoman Empire and Persia caused a jump in the Armenian population until it reached about 40% of the city total. Many of the mayors and business class were Armenian, and much of the old city was built by Armenians. Until recently the neighborhood of Avlabari and the area across the river were very heavily Armenian, but that has changed a great deal in the last two decades.[ citation needed ]
An Armenian community has been known to have existed in Tbilisi since at least the 7th century, however a large Armenian community was not formed until the Late Middle Ages. [11] By the late Middle Ages, there were some 24 Armenian churches and monasteries in and around the city. [11] According to Tournefort, Armenians constituted three-quarters of the population of Tiflis in the 18th century, and owned 24 churches. [12]
Under the Russian Empire, the city of Tiflis became the center of Russian rule for the whole viceroyalty of Caucasia. During the 19th century, Tiflis became the center of the Eastern Armenian cultural revival and an Armenian cultural hub second only to Constantinople. [11]
The older Armenian neighborhood of Tbilisi, on both sides of the river between Freedom Square and Avlabari carry Armenian names, including Tumanyan, Abovian, Akopian, Alikhanian, Sundukian, Yerevan, Ararat and Sevan.[ citation needed ]
The Diocese Church (the Saint Gevorg Church) in Tbilisi where the Armenian primate of Tbilisi sits is very close to the city fortress. In front of the church is the tomb of the 18th-century Armenian–Georgian bard, Sayat-Nova. In Avlabari, the other Armenian Church of Echmiadzin is undergoing renovation and reconstruction. The Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi has the tombs of many famous Armenians including writers Hovhannes Tumanyan and Raffi.
According to Tournefort, Armenians constituted three-quarters of the population of Tiflis in the 18th century, and owned 24 churches. [12] Ten of the churches were destroyed in the 1930s, and as of 1979, fourteen were still standing. [13]
There are still two working Armenian Churches in the city, and an Armenian Theatre. The Armenian Pantheon, where prominent Armenians are buried has the tombs of some of Armenian's favorite personalities ever, including Raffi and Hovhannes Tumanyan. The adjacent Armenian cemetery was taken over by the Georgian Church and their new national cathedral was built upon it. The remaining space in between the Pantheon and the new Georgian cathedral is now the construction site of what appears to be a Georgian Seminary. Again, the Armenian tombs here are being ignored, and human bones are being moved around like dirt.[ citation needed ]
A number of Armenian churches were confiscated by the Soviet state and then passed to the Georgian Church in the post-Soviet era. According to the United States State Department: "The Roman Catholic and Armenian Apostolic Churches have been unable to secure the return of churches and other facilities closed during the Soviet period, many of which later were given to the Georgian Orthodox Church by the State. The prominent Armenian church in Tbilisi, Norashen, remained closed, as did four other smaller Armenian churches in Tbilisi and one in Akhaltsikhe. In addition, the Roman Catholic and Armenian Apostolic Churches, as with Protestant denominations, have had difficulty obtaining permission to construct new churches due to pressure from the GOC." [14]
Petros Adamian Tbilisi State Armenian Drama Theatre was established in 1858 by the Armenian theatre figure George Chmshkian. The first staging was "Adji Suleyman" performance. From 1922 through 1936 before building of the new current theatre building the theatres name was "Artistic theatre". In 1936 was built a new theatre building which was named Stepan Shahumian Armenian Theatre, after Bolshevik Stepan Shahumian. The first performance was Mkrtich (Nikita) Djanan's performance "Shahname". Here worked Petros Adamian, Siranoush (Merobe Kantarjian), Vahram Papazian, Hovhannes Abelian, Olga Maysourian, Isaac Alikhanian, Mariam Mojorian, Artem and Maria Beroians, Artem Lusinian, Babken Nersesian, Darius Amirbekian, Ashot Kadjvorian, Emma Stepanian, Armenian directors: Arshak Bourdjalian, Leon Kalantar, Stepan Kapanakian, Alexander Abarian, Ferdinand Bzhikian, Hayk Umikian, Mickael Grigorian, Ivan Karapetian, Roman Chaltikian, Roman Matiashvili, Robert Yegian. Music for theatres often was written by Aram Khachaturian, Armen Tigranian, Alexander Spendiarian, and others.
Nowadays Peter Adamian Tbilisi State Armenian Drama Theatre is the main spiritual and public center of Georgian-Armenian community. [15]
Once formally known as Paskevich Yerevanski Square, then Lenin Square, it was commonly called Yerevan Square. Ivan Paskevich was a Russian general and was called Paskevich of Yerevan (Yerevanski) in honor of his taking of Yerevan for the Russian Empire. Abutting the north side of Freedom Square is a small open space with a fountain. Buried between the bust of Pushkin and the fountain is the Bolshevik revolutionary Kamo (Simon Ter-Petrossian). His grave has been paved over and is unmarked.
The heavily Armenian old neighborhoods of Tbilisi still have many Armenian street names, though some have been changed over time. Leselidze Street was once called Armenian Bazaar Street.[ citation needed ]
Vera cemetery was used by local Armenians before the Soviet takeover. Now it is used by Georgians.[ citation needed ]
Lori, is a province(marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery.
Alaverdi, is a town and municipal community in the Lori Province at the northeastern part of Armenia, near the border with Georgia. It is located at the only direct rail link between Armenia and Georgia. Situated at the bottom of the Debed river gorge, Alaverdi is an important commercial and industrial centre in northern Armenia.
Hovhannes Tumanyan was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the national poet of Armenia.
Alexander Minasi Movsisian, better known by his pen name Alexander Shirvanzadeh was an Armenian playwright and novelist. He was one of the main representatives of the realist movement in Armenian literature.
Shamlugh is a village in the Lori Province in northeastern Armenia. It is situated on the left bank of Debed River, at a road distance of 196 km north of the capital Yerevan and 63 km north of the provincial centre Vanadzor. The village had a majority Greek population; however, it is now predominantly populated by Armenians. According to the 2011 census, Shamlugh had 700 inhabitants, while the 2016 official estimate shows the current population is around 500.
The Erivan Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centеr in Erivan. Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometеrs, roughly corresponding to what is now most of central Armenia, the Iğdır Province of Turkey, and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan. At the end of the 19th century, it bordered the Tiflis Governorate to the north, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, the Kars Oblast to the west, and Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the south. Mount Ararat and the fertile Ararat Valley were included in the center of the province.
Armenians in Georgia or Georgian Armenians are Armenian people living within the country of Georgia. The Armenian community is mostly concentrated in the capital Tbilisi, Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Samtskhe-Javakheti region. 2014 Census of Georgia puts the Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti at 50.5% of the population. In Abkhazia, Armenians are the third largest ethnic group in the region after the Georgians and the Abkhazian majority.
Derenik Karapeti Demirchian was a Soviet and Armenian writer, novelist, poet, translator and playwright. He began his career as a poet, but later transitioned into prose writing. He was a prolific writer whose works deal with a wide variety of subjects. He is perhaps best known for his historical novel Vardanank (1943), which is a dramatization of the 5th-century Armenian rebellion led by Vardan Mamikonian.
Petros Heronimosi Adamian was an Armenian actor, poet, writer, artist and public figure who worked in the Ottoman and Russian empires. He was famed for his Shakespearean roles, especially Hamlet, Othello and King Lear.
Tumanyan, is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia's northern Lori Province, on the banks of the Debed River and in the middle of the Debed Canyon. It's 149 km north of the capital Yerevan, and 131km from Tbilisi. The nearby villages of Kober kayaran, Shamut, Lorut, Ahnidzor, Atan, Marts and Karinj are also part of the Tumanyan community.
Kentron, is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. It comprises the downtown, the commercial centre of the city. As of the 2022 census, the district has a population of 119,841.
The Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi, also known as Khojivank or Khojavank, is an architectural complex in north-eastern part of the Avlabari district of Tbilisi, Georgia. It occupies part of the site of the destroyed cemetery of Khojavank and contains the relocated tombstones of some of the notable Armenian writers, artists and public figures that were buried there.
Nersisian School was an Armenian higher education institution in the city of Tiflis, then Russian Empire. It operated exactly for one century, from 1824 to 1924. It was founded by Bishop Nerses V Ashtaraketsi, Armenian primate of the diocese of Georgia, after whom it was named.
The Armenian Theater dates to before Roman times and is one of the oldest Eurasian theatrical traditions. Alongside Greek and Roman theatres, it stands as one of the world's most ancient theatres. The ancient and beloved form of theatrical art is lyrical (profound) drama, which exerted its influence on the folklore of the Near East, Balkan, and Apennine peoples. Within this cultural context, Armenian folk and mystical drama, characterized by its dance elements, also took shape. Although the ancient theatre system hasn't been preserved, it has left its linguistic marks.
Petros Adamian Tbilisi State Armenian Drama Theatre was established in 1858 by the Armenian theater activist Gevorg Chmshkyan. Armenian writer Gabriel Sundukyan was among the supporters of theater.
Hripsime Simonyan was an Armenian artist and sculptor, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of decorative art and ceramics. She was rewarded as being [the] People's Artist of Armenia (1974).
Olga Gulazyan was a Soviet–Armenian actress of film and theater. Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1952) and the State Prize of the Armenian SSR (1967).
Khatabala was a twelve-page Armenian satirical periodical published in Tiflis (Tbilisi) from 1906 to 1916 and again in 1922 and 1925–26 in the Armenian and occasionally Russian and Georgian languages. It was founded by Astvatsatur Yeritsyan (1872–?), who edited the periodical along with Ashot Atanasyan (1870–1941). The name of Khatabala comes from a popular word used by Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis and Persians meaning misfortune, setback, or troubles, ultimately derived from the Arabic words ḵaṭā 'error' and balāʾ 'trouble, tribulation'.
Tamar Hovhannesi Tumanyan was a Soviet Armenian architect. She was awarded the title, Honored Worker of Culture of the Armenian SSR (1977). Her father was poet and writer Hovhannes Tumanyan.
Anton Mailyan was an Armenian Soviet composer, musical and public figure, prose writer, librettist, conductor, teacher, folklorist and Honored art worker of Azerbaijani SSR.
КАНДЕЛАКИ: Ну, практически, папа меня, видимо, сделал на балконе этого дома под бриз Куры. Но мои родители, вернее как, моя мама, она армянка, и она из достаточно состоятельной семьи, которая, по истории моей семьи, в свое время вместе с купцами Гергидовыми, вначале они владели полностью, потом мои родители…