Arrhoges occidentalis

Arrhoges occidentalis
	Arrhoges occidentalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda ; clade Hypsogastropoda ; clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Stromboidea
Family:	Aporrhaidae
Genus:	Arrhoges
Species:	A. occidentalis
Binomial name
	Arrhoges occidentalis; (Beck, 1836)
Synonyms
	Aporrhais occidentalis (Beck, 1836); Rostellaria occidentalis Beck, 1836; Aporrhais mainensis C. W. Johnson, 1926; Aporrhais occidentalis var. mainensis Johnson, 1926; Aporrhais labradorensis C. W. Johnson, 1930; Aporrhais occidentalis var. labradorensis Johnson, 1930;

Last updated October 01, 2021

Arrhoges occidentalis, common name the American pelicanfoot, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Aporrhaidae, the pelican's foot snails or pelican's foot shells.^[1]

Distribution

This species is distributed infralittoral, circalittoral and bathyal in the North West Atlantic Ocean and along the North American coast from Labrador and Massachusetts to off North Carolina. It lives on sand or mud at depths between 10 and 550 m. Off North Carolina it is usually found in deep water.^{[ citation needed ]}

Description

The gray to yellowish-white shell is strong and has a high, pointed spire. Its length is between 4.1 and 6.4 cm (15⁄8I -21⁄2 inches). The shell has 8–10 well-rounded whorls, each of which shows many strong, curved axial ribs crossed by crowded, fine spiral threads (that may be worn away) on the outer layer. The body whorl contains 20–25 folds. The aperture is long and narrow. It has a thick, shiny white outer lip that suggests a triangular, winglike expansion. The parietal wall and the outer lip are thickened internally. The small operculum is horny and claw-shaped. It is narrow and has smooth edges.^{[ citation needed ]}

The maximum recorded shell length is 70 mm.^[4]

Habitat

The minimum recorded depth for this species is 3.5 m.; maximum recorded depth is 1829 m.^[4]

Feeding patterns

The animal uses its proboscis to probe in muddy gravel or in sand, searching for food. It feeds on macro algae particles, benthic diatoms Pleurosignia sp., on detritus and also remains of animal matter, such as sponge spicules.^{[ citation needed ]}

Life cycle

Sexes are separate or simultaneous hermaphrodites (but self-ferilization is usually prevented due to various mechanisms). Copulation occurs at night from March to April. The small eggs are deposited in the sand or on debris singly or in small groups by the female. The larvae hatch as free-swimming plankton-feeding individuals.^{[ citation needed ]}

Predators

The American pelicanfoot has as potential predators the gastropod Colus stimpsoni Dall, 1902, the crab Cancer irrotatus Say, 1817 and the Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus, 1758 . The well-developed outer shell lips of the adults give them an adequate protection against the claws of Cancer irrotatus.^{[ citation needed ]}

Related Research Articles

The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.

Aporrhais is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Aporrhaidae and the superfamily Stromboidea.

Aporrhais pespelecani, common name the "pelican's foot", is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Aporrhaidae.

Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.

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Antiplanes litus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

Cochlespira elegans, common name the elegant star turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cochlespiridae.

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<i>Taranidaphne nereidum</i> Species of gastropod

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Tiariturris libya is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

Bullia digitalis, the finger plough shell or plough snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks.

Calliostoma javanicum, common name the chocolate-lined top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

Carinastele niceterium is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

Harpa doris, common name the rose harp, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Harpidae, the harp snails.

Sinustrombus sinuatus, common name the laciniate conch, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the true conch family, Strombidae. It is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region.

Aporrhais pesgallinae is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Aporrhaidae, the pelican's foot snails or pelican's foot shells.

Aporrhais senegalensis is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Aporrhaidae, the pelican's foot snails or pelican's foot shells.

Pseudorhaphitoma ichthys is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

References

1 2 Arrhoges occidentalis (Beck, 1836) . Rosenberg, G. (2010). Arrhoges occidentalis (Beck, 1836). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=531617 on 28 October 2010 .
↑ Marine biodiversity : Aporrhais occidentalis Beck, 1836. accessed 28 October 2010.
↑ Morton J. E. (1956). "The evolution of Perissodonta and Tylospira (Struthiolariidae)". Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83: 515–524.
1 2 Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

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[WoRMS-1] 1 2 Arrhoges occidentalis (Beck, 1836) . Rosenberg, G. (2010). Arrhoges occidentalis (Beck, 1836). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=531617 on 28 October 2010 .

[2] Marine biodiversity : Aporrhais occidentalis Beck, 1836. accessed 28 October 2010.

[3] Morton J. E. (1956). "The evolution of Perissodonta and Tylospira (Struthiolariidae)". Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83: 515–524.

[Welch_2010-4] 1 2 Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

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