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| Ch | Video (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 91.25 | 95.75 |
| 2 | 97.25 | 101.75 |
| 3 | 103.25 | 107.75 |
| 4 | 171.25 | 175.75 |
| 5 | 177.25 | 181.75 |
| 6 | 183.25 | 187.75 |
| 7 | 189.25 | 193.75 |
| 8 | 193.25 | 197.75 |
| 9 | 199.25 | 203.75 |
| 10 | 205.25 | 209.75 |
| 11 | 211.25 | 215.75 |
| 12 | 217.25 | 221.75 |
| Ch | Video (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49.75 | 56.25 |
| 2 | 57.75 | 64.25 |
| 3 | 65.75 | 72.25 |
| 4 | 77.25 | 83.75 |
| 5 | 85.25 | 91.75 |
| 6 | 93.25 | 99.75 |
| Ch | Video (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49.75 | 56.25 |
| 2 | 57.75 | 64.25 |
| 3 | 65.75 | 72.25 |
| 4 | 77.25 | 83.75 |
| 5 | 85.25 | 91.75 |
| 6 | 168.25 | 174.75 |
| 7 | 176.25 | 182.75 |
| 8 | 184.25 | 190.75 |
| 9 | 192.25 | 198.75 |
| 10 | 200.25 | 206.75 |
| 11 | 208.25 | 214.75 |
| 12 | 216.25 | 222.75 |
| Ch | Video (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 55.25 | 59.75 |
| 3 | 61.25 | 65.75 |
| 4 | 67.25 | 71.75 |
| 5 | 175.25 | 179.75 |
| 6 | 181.25 | 185.75 |
| 7 | 187.25 | 191.75 |
| 8 | 193.25 | 197.75 |
| 9 | 199.25 | 203.75 |
| 10 | 205.25 | 209.75 |
| 11 | 211.25 | 215.75 |
| 12 | 217.25 | 221.75 |
| Channel | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1A | 44.25 | 49.75 |
| 2 | 55.25 | 60.75 |
| 3 | 62.25 | 67.75 |
| 4 | 175.25 | 180.75 |
| 5 | 182.25 | 187.75 |
| 6 | 189.25 | 194.75 |
| 7 | 196.25 | 201.75 |
| 8 | 203.25 | 208.75 |
| 9 | 210.25 | 215.75 |
| 10 | 217.25 | 222.75 |
| 11 | 224.25 | 229.75 |
| Channel | Lower Edge | Video (Mhz) | Audio (Mhz) | Upper Edge | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 40 | 41.25 | 43.75 | 44 | |
| 1 | 44 | 45.25 | 49.75 | 50 | Identical to America Channel 1 |
| 2 | 54 | 55.25 | 59.75 | 60 | Identical to America Channel 2 |
| 3 | 60 | 61.25 | 65.75 | 66 | Identical to America Channel 3 |
| 4 | 66 | 67.25 | 71.75 | 72 | Identical to America Channel 4 |
| 5 | 174 | 175.25 | 179.75 | 180 | Identical to America Channel 7 |
| 6 | 180 | 181.25 | 185.75 | 186 | Identical to America Channel 8 |
| 7 | 186 | 187.25 | 191.75 | 192 | Identical to America Channel 9 |
| 8 | 192 | 193.25 | 197.75 | 198 | Identical to America Channel 10 |
| 9 | 198 | 199.25 | 203.75 | 204 | Identical to America Channel 11 |
| 10 | 204 | 205.25 | 209.75 | 210 | Identical to America Channel 12 |
| 11 | 210 | 211.25 | 215.75 | 216 | Identical to America Channel 13 |
| 12 | 216 | 217.25 | 222.75 | 223 | Identical to Japan Channel 12 |
| 13 | 223 | 224.25 | 228.75 | 229 |
Similar to the television frequency in America and Japan; same sound carrier as System M / N that uses 4.5 MHz sound carrier
| Ch | Video (Mhz) | Audio (Mhz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45.25 | 50.75 |
| 2 | 55.25 | 59.75 |
| 3 | 61.25 | 65.75 |
| 4 | 67.25 | 72.25 |
| 5 | 77.25 | 83.75 |
| 6 | 86.25 | 92.75 |
| 7 | 175.25 | 179.75 |
| 8 | 181.25 | 185.75 |
| 9 | 187.25 | 191.75 |
| 10 | 193.25 | 197.75 |
| 11 | 199.25 | 203.75 |
| 12 | 205.25 | 209.75 |
| 13 | 211.25 | 215.75 |
Channels 2,3,7 to 13 uses 4.5 MHz sound carrier (System N), Channel 4 uses 5 MHz carrier (system Y), Channels 5 and 6 uses 6.5 MHz sound carrier (system D)
| Channel | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49.75 | 56.25 |
| 2 | 59.25 | 65.75 |
| 3 | 77.25 | 83.75 |
| 4 | 85.25 | 91.75 |
| 5 | 93.25 | 99.75 |
| 6 | 175.25 | 181.75 |
| 7 | 183.25 | 189.75 |
| 8 | 191.25 | 197.75 |
| 9 | 199.25 | 205.75 |
| 10 | 207.25 | 213.75 |
| 11 | 215.25 | 221.75 |
| 12 | 223.25 | 229.75 |
| Ch | Video (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | 471.25 | 475.75 |
| 14 | 477.25 | 481.75 |
| 15 | 483.25 | 487.75 |
| 16 | 489.25 | 493.75 |
| 17 | 495.25 | 499.75 |
| 18 | 501.25 | 505.75 |
| 19 | 507.25 | 511.75 |
| 20 | 513.25 | 517.75 |
| 21 | 519.25 | 523.75 |
| 22 | 525.25 | 529.75 |
| 23 | 531.25 | 535.75 |
| 24 | 537.25 | 541.75 |
| 25 | 543.25 | 547.75 |
| 26 | 549.25 | 553.75 |
| 27 | 555.25 | 559.75 |
| 28 | 561.25 | 565.75 |
| 29 | 567.25 | 571.75 |
| 30 | 573.25 | 577.75 |
| 31 | 579.25 | 583.75 |
| 32 | 585.25 | 589.75 |
| 33 | 591.25 | 595.75 |
| 34 | 597.25 | 601.75 |
| 35 | 603.25 | 607.75 |
| 36 | 609.25 | 613.75 |
| 37 | 615.25 | 619.75 |
| 38 | 621.25 | 625.75 |
| 39 | 627.25 | 631.75 |
| 40 | 633.25 | 637.75 |
| 41 | 639.25 | 643.75 |
| 42 | 645.25 | 649.75 |
| 43 | 651.25 | 655.75 |
| 44 | 657.25 | 661.75 |
| 45 | 663.25 | 667.75 |
| 46 | 669.25 | 673.75 |
| 47 | 675.25 | 679.75 |
| 48 | 681.25 | 685.75 |
| 49 | 687.25 | 691.75 |
| 50 | 693.25 | 697.75 |
| 51 | 699.25 | 703.75 |
| 52 | 705.25 | 709.75 |
| 53 | 711.25 | 715.75 |
| 54 | 717.25 | 721.75 |
| 55 | 723.25 | 727.75 |
| 56 | 729.25 | 733.75 |
| 57 | 735.25 | 739.75 |
| 58 | 741.25 | 745.75 |
| 59 | 747.25 | 751.75 |
| 60 | 753.25 | 757.75 |
| 61 | 759.25 | 763.75 |
| 62 | 765.25 | 769.75 |
| Ch | Video (MHz) | Audio (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | 471.25 | 477.75 |
| 14 | 479.25 | 485.75 |
| 15 | 487.25 | 493.75 |
| 16 | 495.25 | 501.75 |
| 17 | 503.25 | 509.75 |
| 18 | 511.25 | 517.75 |
| 19 | 519.25 | 525.75 |
| 20 | 527.25 | 533.75 |
| 21 | 535.25 | 541.75 |
| 22 | 543.25 | 549.75 |
| 23 | 551.25 | 557.75 |
| 24 | 559.25 | 565.75 |
| 25 | 605.25 | 611.75 |
| 26 | 613.25 | 619.75 |
| 27 | 621.25 | 627.75 |
| 28 | 629.25 | 635.75 |
| 29 | 637.25 | 643.75 |
| 30 | 645.25 | 651.75 |
| 31 | 653.25 | 659.75 |
| 32 | 661.25 | 667.75 |
| 33 | 669.25 | 675.75 |
| 34 | 677.25 | 683.75 |
| 35 | 685.25 | 691.75 |
| 36 | 693.25 | 699.75 |
| 37 | 701.25 | 707.75 |
| 38 | 709.25 | 715.75 |
| 39 | 717.25 | 723.75 |
| 40 | 725.25 | 731.75 |
| 41 | 733.25 | 739.75 |
| 42 | 741.25 | 747.75 |
| 43 | 749.25 | 755.75 |
| 44 | 757.25 | 763.75 |
| 45 | 765.25 | 771.75 |
| 46 | 773.25 | 779.75 |
| 47 | 781.25 | 787.75 |
| 48 | 789.25 | 795.75 |
| 49 | 797.25 | 803.75 |
| 50 | 805.25 | 811.75 |
| 51 | 813.25 | 819.75 |
| 52 | 821.25 | 827.75 |
| 53 | 829.25 | 835.75 |
| 54 | 837.25 | 843.75 |
| 55 | 845.25 | 851.75 |
| 56 | 853.25 | 859.75 |
| 57 | 861.25 | 867.75 |
| 58 | 871.25 | 877.75 |
| 59 | 879.25 | 885.75 |
| 60 | 887.25 | 893.75 |
| 61 | 895.25 | 901.75 |
| 62 | 903.25 | 909.75 |
NOTE: The original assignments of Channels 25 to 57 were 2 MHz higher in frequency until c.1984. Channels 58 to 62 were deleted at this time.
| Channel | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | 471.25 | 476.75 |
| 22 | 479.25 | 484.75 |
| 23 | 487.25 | 492.75 |
| 24 | 495.25 | 500.75 |
| 25 | 503.25 | 508.75 |
| 26 | 511.25 | 516.75 |
| 27 | 519.25 | 524.75 |
| 28 | 527.25 | 532.75 |
| 29 | 535.25 | 540.75 |
| 30 | 543.25 | 548.75 |
| 31 | 551.25 | 556.75 |
| 32 | 559.25 | 564.75 |
| 33 | 567.25 | 572.75 |
| 34 | 575.25 | 580.75 |
| 35 | 583.25 | 588.75 |
| 36 | 591.25 | 596.75 |
| 37 | 599.25 | 604.75 |
| 38 | 607.25 | 612.75 |
| 39 | 615.25 | 620.75 |
| 40 | 623.25 | 628.75 |
| 41 | 631.25 | 636.75 |
| 42 | 639.25 | 644.75 |
| 43 | 647.25 | 652.75 |
| 44 | 655.25 | 660.75 |
| 45 | 663.25 | 668.75 |
| 46 | 671.25 | 676.75 |
| 47 | 679.25 | 684.75 |
| 48 | 687.25 | 692.75 |
| 49 | 695.25 | 700.75 |
| 50 | 703.25 | 708.75 |
| 51 | 711.25 | 716.75 |
| 52 | 719.25 | 724.75 |
| 53 | 727.25 | 732.75 |
| 54 | 735.25 | 740.75 |
| 55 | 743.25 | 748.75 |
| 56 | 751.25 | 756.75 |
| 57 | 759.25 | 764.75 |
| 58 | 767.25 | 772.75 |
| 59 | 775.25 | 780.75 |
| 60 | 783.25 | 788.75 |
| 61 | 791.25 | 796.75 |
| 62 | 799.25 | 804.75 |
NOTE:
| Channel | Video carrier (MHz) | Audio carrier (MHz) |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | 471.25 | 477.25 |
| 22 | 479.25 | 485.25 |
| 23 | 487.25 | 493.25 |
| 24 | 495.25 | 501.25 |
| 25 | 503.25 | 509.25 |
| 26 | 511.25 | 517.25 |
| 27 | 519.25 | 525.25 |
| 28 | 527.25 | 533.25 |
| 29 | 535.25 | 541.25 |
| 30 | 543.25 | 549.25 |
| 31 | 551.25 | 557.25 |
| 32 | 559.25 | 565.25 |
| 33 | 567.25 | 573.25 |
| 34 | 575.25 | 581.25 |
| 35 | 583.25 | 589.25 |
| 36 | 591.25 | 597.25 |
| 37 | 599.25 | 605.25 |
| 38 | 607.25 | 613.25 |
| 39 | 615.25 | 621.25 |
| 40 | 623.25 | 629.25 |
| 41 | 631.25 | 637.25 |
| 42 | 639.25 | 645.25 |
| 43 | 647.25 | 653.25 |
| 44 | 655.25 | 661.25 |
| 45 | 663.25 | 669.25 |
| 46 | 671.25 | 677.25 |
| 47 | 679.25 | 685.25 |
| 48 | 687.25 | 693.25 |
| 49 | 695.25 | 701.25 |
| 50 | 703.25 | 709.25 |
| 51 | 711.25 | 717.25 |
| 52 | 719.25 | 725.25 |
| 53 | 727.25 | 733.25 |
| 54 | 735.25 | 741.25 |
| 55 | 743.25 | 749.25 |
| 56 | 751.25 | 757.25 |
| 57 | 759.25 | 765.25 |
| 58 | 767.25 | 773.25 |
| 59 | 775.25 | 781.25 |
| 60 | 783.25 | 789.25 |
| 61 | 791.25 | 797.25 |
| 62 | 799.25 | 805.25 |
| 63 | 807.25 | 813.25 |
| 64 | 815.25 | 821.25 |
| 65 | 823.25 | 829.25 |
| 66 | 831.25 | 837.25 |
| 67 | 839.25 | 845.25 |
| 68 | 847.25 | 853.25 |
| 69 | 855.25 | 861.25 |
Radio spectrum (ITU) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||
Analog television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio. In an analog television broadcast, the brightness, colors and sound are represented by amplitude, phase and frequency of an analog signal.
NTSC is the first American standard for analog television, published and adopted in 1941. In 1961, it was assigned the designation System M. It is also known as EIA standard 170.
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analog television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I or K. The articles on analog broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.
Terrestrial television, or over-the-air television (OTA) is a type of television broadcasting in which the content is transmitted via radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a TV station to a TV receiver having an antenna. The term terrestrial is more common in Europe and Latin America, while in Canada and the United States it is called over-the-air or simply broadcast. This type of TV broadcast is distinguished from newer technologies, such as satellite television, in which the signal is transmitted to the receiver from an overhead satellite; cable television, in which the signal is carried to the receiver through a cable; and Internet Protocol television, in which the signal is received over an Internet stream or on a network utilizing the Internet Protocol. Terrestrial television stations broadcast on television channels with frequencies between about 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF bands. Since radio waves in these bands travel by line of sight, reception is generally limited by the visual horizon to distances of 64–97 kilometres, although under better conditions and with tropospheric ducting, signals can sometimes be received hundreds of kilometers distant.
The FM broadcast band is a range of radio frequencies used for FM broadcasting by radio stations. The range of frequencies used differs between different parts of the world. In Europe and Africa and in Australia and New Zealand, it spans from 87.5 to 108 megahertz (MHz) - also known as VHF Band II - while in the Americas it ranges from 88 to 108 MHz. The FM broadcast band in Japan uses 76 to 95 MHz, and in Brazil, 76 to 108 MHz. The International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT) band in Eastern Europe is from 65.9 to 74.0 MHz, although these countries now primarily use the 87.5 to 108 MHz band, as in the case of Russia. Some other countries have already discontinued the OIRT band and have changed to the 87.5 to 108 MHz band.
Second audio program (SAP), also known as secondary audio programming, is an auxiliary audio channel for analog television that can be broadcast or transmitted both over-the-air and by cable television. Used mostly for audio description or other languages, SAP is part of the multichannel television sound (MTS) standard originally set by the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) in 1984 in the United States. The NTSC video format and MTS are also used in Canada and Mexico.
Multichannel Television Sound (MTS) is the method of encoding three additional audio channels into analog 4.5 MHz audio carriers on System M and System N.The system was developed by an industry group known as the Broadcast Television Systems Committee, a parallel to color television's National Television System Committee, which developed the NTSC television standard.
Broadcasttelevision systems are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.
Amateur television (ATV) is the transmission of broadcast quality video and audio over the wide range of frequencies of radio waves allocated for radio amateur (Ham) use. ATV is used for non-commercial experimentation, pleasure, and public service events. Ham TV stations were on the air in many cities before commercial television stations came on the air. Various transmission standards are used, these include the broadcast transmission standards of NTSC in North America and Japan, and PAL or SECAM elsewhere, utilizing the full refresh rates of those standards. ATV includes the study of building of such transmitters and receivers, and the study of radio propagation of signals travelling between transmitting and receiving stations.
The following tables show the frequencies assigned to analog broadcast television channels in various regions of the world, along with the ITU letter designator for the system used. The frequencies shown are for the analog video and audio carriers. The channel itself occupies several megahertz of bandwidth. For example, North American channel 1 occupies the spectrum from 44 to 50 MHz. See Broadcast television systems for a table of signal characteristics, including bandwidth, by ITU letter designator. Analog television broadcasts have been phased out in most regions, having been replaced by digital television broadcasts.
In North American broadcast television frequencies, channel 1 was a former broadcast (over-the-air) television channel which was removed from service in 1948.
Zweikanalton or A2 Stereo, is an analog television sound transmission system used in Germany, Austria, Australia, Switzerland, Netherlands and some other countries that use or used CCIR systems. South Korea utilized a modified version of Zweikanalton for the NTSC analog television standard. It relies on two separate FM carriers.
Channel 37 is an intentionally unused ultra-high frequency (UHF) television broadcasting channel by countries in most of ITU region 2 such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and Brazil. The frequency range allocated to this channel is important for radio astronomy, so all broadcasting is prohibited within a window of frequencies centred typically on 611 MHz. Similar reservations exist in portions of the Eurasian and Asian regions, although the channel numbering varies.
Band I is a range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first time there was defined "for simplicity" in Annex 1 of "Final acts of the European Broadcasting Conference in the VHF and UHF bands - Stockholm, 1961". Band I ranges from 47 to 68 MHz for the European Broadcasting Area, and from 54 to 88 MHz for the Americas and it is primarily used for television broadcasting in compliance with ITU Radio Regulations. With the transition to digital TV, most Band I transmitters have already been switched off.
Television frequency allocation has evolved since the start of television in Australia in 1956, and later in New Zealand in 1960. There was no coordination between the national spectrum management authorities in either country to establish the frequency allocations. The management of the spectrum in both countries is largely the product of their economical and political situation. New Zealand didn't start to develop television service until 1965 due to World War 2 and its economic harm in the country's economy.
CCIR System M, sometimes called 525–line, NTSC, NTSC-M, or CCIR-M, is the analog broadcast television system approved by the FCC for use in the United States since July 1, 1941, replacing the 441-line TV system introduced in 1938. It is also known as EIA standard 170. System M comprises a total of 525 interlaced lines of video, of which 486 contain the image information, at 30 frames per second. Video is amplitude modulated and audio is frequency modulated, with a total bandwidth of 6 MHz for each channel, including a guard band.
CCIR System B was the 625-line VHF analog broadcast television system which at its peak was adopted by more than one hundred countries, either with PAL or SECAM colour. It is usually associated with CCIR System G for UHF broadcasts.
The Pan-American television frequencies are different for terrestrial and cable television systems. Terrestrial television channels are divided into two bands: the VHF band which comprises channels 2 through 13 and occupies frequencies between 54 and 216 MHz, and the UHF band, which comprises channels 14 through 36 and occupies frequencies between 470 and 608 MHz. These bands are different enough in frequency that they often require separate antennas to receive, and separate tuning controls on the television set. The VHF band is further divided into two frequency ranges: VHF low band between 54 and 88 MHz, containing channels 2 through 6, and VHF high band between 174 and 216 MHz, containing channels 7 through 13. The wide spacing between these frequency bands is responsible for the complicated design of rooftop TV antennas. The UHF band has higher noise and greater attenuation, so higher gain antennas are often required for UHF.
CCIR System A was the 405-line analog broadcast television system adopted in the UK and Ireland. System A service started in 1936 and was discontinued in 1985.
CCIR System I is an analogue broadcast television system. It was first used in the Republic of Ireland starting in December 1961 as the 625-line broadcasting standard to be used on VHF Band I and Band III, sharing Band III with 405-line System A signals radiated in the north and east of the country. The Republic of Ireland slowly extended its use of System I onto the UHF bands.
