Astrophorida

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Astrophorida
Geodia barretti.jpg
Geodia barretti (Geodiidae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Demospongiae
Subclass:
Tetractinomorpha
Order:
Astrophorida

Bowerbank, 1862
Families

Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870
Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1907
Corallistidae Sollas, 1888
Geodiidae Gray, 1867
Isoraphiniidae Schrammen, 1924
Macandrewiidae Schrammen, 1924
Neopeltidae Sollas, 1888
Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875
Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen, 1924
Phymatellidae Schrammen, 1910
Pleromidae Sollas, 1888
Theneidae Carter, 1883
Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903
Thoosidae Cockerell, 1925
Thrombidae Sollas, 1888
Vulcanellidae Cárdenas, Xavier, Reveillaud, Schander & Rapp, 2011

Synonyms

Choristida (disused)

Astrophorida is an order of sea sponges under the class Demospongiae. [1] [2]

In biological classification, the order is

  1. a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family. An immediately higher rank, superorder, may be added directly above order, while suborder would be a lower rank.
  2. a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. In that case the plural is orders.

Some of the members of this order are known to be eaten by hawksbill turtles. [3]

Since Morrow & Cárdenas' (2015), Astrophorida is unaccepted as an order and has become a suborder of Tetractinellida. [4]

Tetractinellida order of sponges

Tetractinellida is an order of sea sponges. First described in 1876, this order received a new description in 2012 and replaced the two orders Astrophorida and Spirophorida, which then became sub-orders as Astrophorina and Spirophorina.

Bibliography

Integrated Taxonomic Information System Authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes

The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is an American partnership of federal agencies designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagency group within the US federal government, involving several US federal agencies, and has now become an international body, with Canadian and Mexican government agencies participating. The database draws from a large community of taxonomic experts. Primary content staff are housed at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and IT services are provided by a US Geological Survey facility in Denver. The primary focus of ITIS is North American species, but many biological groups exist worldwide and ITIS collaborates with other agencies to increase its global coverage.

Related Research Articles

Demosponge A class of sponges in the phylum Porifera with spongin or silica spicules

Demospongiae is the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide. They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges.

<i>Suberites domuncula</i> species of sponge

Suberites domuncula is a sponge belonging to the phylum Porifera.

Ecionemia is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Ancorinidae.

Placospongia is a genus of sea sponge belonging to the family Placospongiidae.

Ancorina is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Ancorinidae. It is the type genus of its family.

<i>Geodia</i> genus of sponges

Geodia is a genus of sea sponge belonging to the family Geodiidae. It is the type genus of its taxonomic family.

Spirophorida is an order of sea sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae.

Hadromerida order of sponges

Hadromerida is an order of sea sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae.

<i>Polymastia</i> (sponge) genus of sponges

Polymastia is a genus of sea sponges containing about 30 species. These are small to large encrusting or dome-shaped sponges with a smooth surface having many teat-shaped projections (papillae). In areas of strong wave action, this genus does not grow the teat structures, but instead grows in a corrugated form.

Halichondrida order of sponges

Halichondrida is an order of marine demosponges. Demosponges with simple spicules and a generally confused skeletal arrangement are grouped into this order although its monophyly is considered suspect and further taxonomic revision can be expected.

Hawksbill sea turtle Species of marine reptile in the family Chelonidae

The hawksbill sea turtle is a Critically Endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus Eretmochelys. The species has a worldwide distribution, with Atlantic and Indo-Pacific subspecies—E. i. imbricata and E. i. bissa, respectively.

Spheciospongia vesparium, commonly known as the loggerhead sponge, is a species of demosponge belonging to the family Clionaidae. While it is highly toxic to many fish, this sponge is eaten by certain angelfish and is known to form part of the diet of the hawksbill sea turtle.

Bubarida order of demosponges

Bubarida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Clionaida order of demosponges

Clionaida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Scopalinidae is an family of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha. It is the only family in the monotypic order Scopalinida.

Tethyida is an order of sea sponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Agelasida order of sponges

Agelasida is an order of sea sponges in the class Demospongiae.

Biemnida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Trachycladidae is a family of sea sponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha. It is the only family in the monotypic order Trachycladida.

References

  1. ↑ "Astrophorida". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 15 February 2007.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  2. ↑ van Soest, R. (2013). "Astrophorida Sollas, 1887". World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved September 30, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  3. ↑ Meylan, Anne (1988-01-12). "Spongivory in Hawksbill Turtles: A Diet of Glass". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 239 (4838): 393–395. doi:10.1126/science.239.4838.393. JSTOR   1700236. PMID   17836872.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  4. ↑ Morrow & Cárdenas' (2015) revision of the higher taxa of the Demospongiae, Astrophorida sensu Lévi, 1973 (and sensu Hooper & Van Soest, 2002)


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